Table 2.
Antibiogram of implicated pathogens in the super-infections of the study patients with adult bacterial meningitis (n = 21)
| Case | Pathogens | ROC | CAZ | MAX | MEP | CIP | TIG | TMP-SMX | AMP- SBM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ESBL-Escherichia coli | R | R | R | S | S | |||
| 2 | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | S | R | ||||||
| R | R | ||||||||
| 3 | Acinetobacter baumannii | I | S | S | R | S | |||
| S | S | R | R | S | |||||
| 4 | Enterobacter cloacae | S | S | S | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | S | S | S | S | |||||
| 5 | Enterobacter cloacae | S | S | S | S | ||||
| 6 | Acinetobacter baumannii | S | S | S | S | ||||
| I | S | S | S | ||||||
| 7 | Acinetobacter spp | I | S | S | S | S | S | ||
| 8 | Acinetobacter spp | S | S | S | S | S | S | ||
| 9 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | S | S | S | S | ||||
| R | S | S | |||||||
| 10 | Acinetobacter baumannii | S | S | S | S | ||||
| 11A | Serratia marcescens | I | R | R | S | ||||
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | S | S | |||||||
| 11C | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | R | S | ||||||
| 12 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | S | S | S | S | ||||
| R | S | S | R | ||||||
| ESBL-Proteus mirabilis | R | R | S | S | R | ||||
| 13 | Pseudomonas putida | S | S | R | S | ||||
| Acinetobacter spp | R | R | R | I | R | S | I | ||
| 14 | Serratia marcescens | S | S | S | S | S | |||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | R | R | R | R | S | R | |||
| 15A | Morganella morganii | R | S | S | S | S | |||
| Proteus mirabilis | R | R | R | S | R | ||||
| 15B | Glucose non-fermenting bacilli | R | R | R | R | I | |||
| 16 | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | S | S | ||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | R | R | S | S | |||||
| 17 | Acinetobacter lwoffii | S | S | S | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | S | S | S | ||||||
| 18A | Escherichia coli | R | S | S | |||||
| 18B | Acinetobacter baumannii | R | I | S | R | R | |||
| 18D | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | S | |||||||
| 19 | Escherichia coli | S | S | S | S | ||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | S | S | S | S | R | ||||
| 21 | Enterobacter aerogenes | I | I | S | S | S | |||
| R | R | S | S | S |
Abbreviations: ROC, ceftriaxone; CAZ, ceftazidime; MAX, cefepime; MEP, meropenem; CIP, ciprofloxacin; AMP-SBM, ampicillin-subactam; TIG, tigecycline; TMP-SMX, trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole; LEV, levofloxacin; ESBL, extended spectrum β-lactamase; R, resistant; I, intermediate; S, susceptible
Note: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was suspected by the disk-diffusion susceptibility test [10].
Non-Cephalosporin-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were used to describe isolates that were non-susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime. Intermediate and resistant isolates were considered non-susceptible [11]. Multi-drugs resistant (MDR) GNB was used to describe isolates that were non-susceptible to all antibiotics routinely tested including amikacin, (ampicillin-sulbactam in A. baumannii), ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, imepenem, and meropenem [12,13]. The antimicrobial susceptibilities TMP-SMX, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloaxcin of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid were determined concomitantly by the broth dilution method as described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) guidelines.