Table 3.
Predictors of RBP, protein HC and albumin in urine according to different modes of expression of results and adjustment for the residual influence of diuresis
| Concentrations of urinary markers per liter | Concentrations of urinary markers per g creatinine | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | Independent variables | B | 95% CI | P | Independent variables | B | 95% CI | P |
| RBP in urine | Model 1 | Model 1 | ||||||
| Log U-Cd | 10.7 | 65.6 to 147.8 | <0.001 | Current smoking | 27.4 | 9.1 to 46.0 | 0.004 | |
| Log U-Cd | 30.9 | 1.81 to 60.0 | 0.04 | |||||
| Model 2 | Model 2 | |||||||
| Current smoking | 34.2 | 10.3 to 58.2 | 0.005 | Current smoking | 27.4 | 9.1 to 46.0 | 0.004 | |
| Log U-Cd | 34.7 | -3.83 to 73.3 | 0.08 | Log U-Cd | 30.9 | 1.81 to 60.0 | 0.04 | |
| Log U-Cr | 285.7 | 220.0 to 350.6 | <0.001 | |||||
| Model 3 | Model 3 | |||||||
| Current smoking | 34.2 | 10.3 to 58.2 | 0.005 | Current smoking | 28.8 | 10.3 to 47.3 | 0.003 | |
| Log U-Cd adj | 34.7 | -3.82 to 73.3 | 0.07 | Log U-Cd adj | 25.4 | -4.5 to 55.2 | 0.10 | |
| Log U-Cr | 308.0 | 248.0 to 367.3 | <0.001 | |||||
| Log U-Protein HC | Model 1 | Model 1 | ||||||
| Age | 0.009 | 0.005 to 0.013 | <0.001 | Age | 0.009 | 0.005 to 0.014 | <0.001 | |
| Current smoking | 0.14 | 0.054 to 0.22 | 0.001 | Current smoking | 0.12 | 0.02 to 0.22 | 0.02 | |
| Log U-Cd | -0.039 | -0.16 to 0.086 | 0.54 | Log U-Cd | 0.13 | -.033 to 0.29 | 0.12 | |
| Model 2 | Model 2 | |||||||
| Age | 0.007 | 0.003 to 0.011 | <0.001 | Age | 0.008 | 0.003 to 0.13 | 0.002 | |
| Current smoking | 0.11 | 0.03 to 0.20 | 0.008 | Current smoking | 0.011 | 0.18 to 0.21 | 0.02 | |
| Log U-Cd | 0.05 | -0.084 to 0.19 | 0.46 | Log U-Cd | 0.081 | -0.079 to 0.24 | 0.32 | |
| Log U-Cr | -0.36 | -0.59 to -0.13 | 0.003 | Log U-Cr | -0.47 | -0.72 to -0.22 | <0.001 | |
| Model 3 | Model 3 | |||||||
| Age | 0.007 | 0.003 to 0.011 | <0.001 | Age | 0.008 | 0.003 to 0.013 | 0.002 | |
| Current smoking | 0.11 | 0.03 to 0.20 | 0.008 | Current smoking | 0.011 | 0.018 to 0.21 | 0.02 | |
| Log U-Cd adj | 0.05 | -0.084 to 0.19 | 0.46 | Log U-Cd adj | 0.081 | -0.079 to 0.24 | 0.32 | |
| Log U-Cr | -0.33 | -0.54 to -0.12 | 0.003 | Log U-Cr | -0.52 | -0.75 to -0.25 | <0.001 | |
| Log U-ALB | Model 1 | Model 1 | ||||||
| Log U-Cd | 0.39 | 0.201 to 0.58 | <0.001 | Log U-Cd | 0.19 | 0.012 to 1.00 | 0.04 | |
| Model 2 | Model 2 | |||||||
| Log U-Cd | 0.20 | 0.02 to 0.39 | 0.03 | Log U-Cd | 0.19 | 0.012 to 1.00 | 0.04 | |
| Log U-Cr | 0.86 | 0.54 to 1.18 | <0.001 | |||||
| Model 3 | Model 3 | |||||||
| Log U-Cd adj | 0.20 | 0.02 to 0.39 | 0.03 | Log U-Cd adj | 0.20 | 0.016 to 0.39 | 0.03 | |
| Log U-Cr | 0.99 | 0.69 to 1.29 | <0.001 | |||||
U-Cdadj, concentration of Cd expressed per g of creatinine and adjusted for the residual influence of urinary creartinine on the basis of the simple regression coefficient (Figure 1). The regression coefficients were estimated by stepwise multiple regression analyses testing as predictors age, BMI, Pb in blood, Zn in urine, current smoking, number of pack-years (>0-15 and >15).