FIG. 12.

Effect of in vitro expansion of EPCs. The cultured EPCs at passage 5 and passage 13 were stained with H&E, live-dead stain, and anti-von Willebrand factor antibody (A). The heparin cross-linked scaffolds loaded with 10 μg of VEGF were seeded with one million EPCs at passage 13 and harvested after 7 days. The vessels in the scaffold were stained with anti-human CD31 antibody to quantify the total vessel density in the scaffold (B). Values represent the mean and standard deviation (n=3). ^$p<0.0005. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/tea