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. 2011 Feb 16;4(4):456–467. doi: 10.1038/mi.2011.6

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Copyright © 2011 Society for Mucosal Immunology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

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Resolution of otitis media (OM) in directly challenged middle ears after immunization via a preventative regimen. (a) Immunization with rsPilA+dmLT, LB1+dmLT, or chimV4 +dmLT induced clearance of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) from middle ears of chinchillas compared with the cohorts that received rsPilA, LB1, or chimV4, or the cohort that was immunized with dmLT alone. *Statistically significant compared with receipt of respective immunogen-only cohort or dmLT-alone cohort (P<0.05). CFU, colony-forming unit; dmLT, double mutant of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin; rsPilA, recombinant soluble PilA. (b) Reduction in the percentage of culture-positive middle ears per cohort after receipt of rsPilA+dmLT, LB1+dmLT, or chimV4+dmLT relative to the cohorts that received immunogen or dmLT alone.