Table 1. Quantification of double-labeled neurons and proportion of activation in rats after LPS or control saline treatment.

Average number of double-labeled neurons and proportion activated to express Fos in rats after systemic LPS (n=8) or saline injection (n=6). LPS significantly increased the number of double-labeled neurons in the NTS, VLM, lateral PBN, lCEA, rPVT and dlBNST. The difference between LPS- and saline-treated rats in the number of double-labeled neurons failed to reach significance in the mCEA and cPVT. Similar to statistical comparisons of the total number of activated neurons, the proportions of retrogradely-labeled neurons that were activated to express Fos in LPS-treated vs. saline-treated rats was significantly increased in the NTS, VLM, lateral PBN, lCEA, rPVT, and dlBNST. For each between-group comparison, ANOVA degrees of freedom = (1,13).

Number and Proportion of Retrogradely-labeled Neurons Activated in Saline control vs. LPS-Treated Rats (group mean±SE)
Brain Region		Saline control	LPS	F statistic and significance
NTS	# dbl-labeled neurons	11±4	40±3*	F=42.29 P< 0.005
	Proportion activated	6%±2	27%±2*	F=68.84 P< 0.005
VLM	# dbl-labeled neurons	22±8	49±5*	F=10.08 P=0.008
	Proportion activated	25%±6	62%±2*	F=41.92 P< 0.005
lateral PBN	# dbl-labeled neurons	4±1	16±4*	F=6.33 P=0.027
	Proportion activated	3%±1	15%±2*	F=35.50 P< 0.005
lCEA	# dbl-labeled neurons	9±5	50±10*	F=7.98 P=0.015
	Proportion activated	4%±2	34%±2*	F=103.57 P< 0.005
mCEA	# dbl-labeled neurons	6±2	8±2	F=0.31 P=0.589
	Proportion activated	2%±1	4%±1	F=2.55 P=0.137
cPVT	# dbl-labeled neurons	11±2	20±3	F=3.61 P=0.082
	Proportion activated	7%±1	11%±1	F=3.79 P=0.075
rPVT	# dbl-labeled neurons	15±3	28±4*	F=5.38 P= 0.039
	Proportion activated	5%±1	9%±1*	F=8.21 P=0.014
dlBNST	# dbl-labeled neurons	13±4	64±8*	F=29.07 P< 0.005
	Proportion activated	2%±1	11%±1*	F=57.42 P< 0.005