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. 2011 Jul;13(7):737–741. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0010

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Participants According to Treatment Sequence

Variable Group A (n = 64) Group B (n = 62)
Gender (M/F ratio) 34/30 36/26
Age (years) 60.3 ± 10.7 60.7 ± 11.2
BMI (kg/m2) 36.7 ± 5.5 36.1 ± 5.8
Waist-hip ratio 1.0 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.1
Type 1/type 2 diabetes 3/61 2/60
Previously used needles
 Length 5 mm and/or 6 mm 30 36
 Length 5 mm/6mm and 8 mm 3 2
 Length 8 mm 30 22
 Length 12.7 mm 1 2
A1C (%) 7.7 ± 1.1 7.6 ± 0.9
FA (μmol/L) 265 ± 52 266 ± 49
1,5-AG (mg/L) 10.4 ± 6.6 10.1 ± 5.5
TDI (units/day) 94 ± 43 97 ± 55

Data are given as absolute numbers or mean ± SD values. Group A first used the 31-gauge 5-mm pen needle and then the 31-gauge 8-mm pen needle; Group B used them in the reverse order.

A1C, hemoglobin A1c; 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; BMI, body mass index; F, female; FA, fructosamine; M, male; TDI, total daily insulin dose.