Table 2.

Relevant Metabolic Parameters in the Two Treatment Groups After a 3-Month Period of Administering Insulin Injections with 5-mm or 8-mm Needles

	Use of needle length
	Group A (n = 64)		Group B (n = 62)
Variable	5-mm	8-mm	8-mm	5-mm
Weight (kg)	110 ± 16	108 ± 17	105 ± 16	104 ± 16
A1C (%)	7.5 ± 1.0	7.6 ± 1.1	7.5 ± 0.8	7.4 ± 0.8
FA (μmol/L)	259 ± 59	275 ± 52	258 ± 42	252 ± 38
1,5-AG (mg/L)	10.3 ± 6.5	10.3 ± 6.9	10.4 ± 6.2	11.0 ± 6.6
TDI (IU)	92 ± 42	88 ± 40	102 ± 65	98 ± 62*

Data are mean ± SD values. Group A first used the 31-gauge 5-mm pen needle and then the 31-gauge 8-mm pen needle; Group B used them in the reverse order.

^*P < 0.05 versus baseline.

A1C, hemoglobin A1c; 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; FA, fructosamine; TDI, total daily insulin dose.