Table 1.

Population locations and sample sizes for the six species examined. The last two columns provide data concerning the initial human-mediated introduction(s), including the date of initial introduction and the islands on which individuals were released.

species	Big Island	Kauai	Maui	Oahu	date of introduction	island(s) released
northern cardinala	19	13		22	∼1930	Oahu, Kauai, Big Island
house finch	26	31		59	<1870	Maui
red-billed leiothrixa	30		11	18	1918–1928	all 5 main islands
nutmeg mannikin	40	21		37	1865	Big Island
house sparrow	22		176	141	1869	Oahu
Japanese white-eyea	44	47	11	73	1929	Oahu, Big Island, Maui(?)

^aSpecies were introduced to the Hawaiian archipelago more than once.