Myocardial expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α following intraperitoneal injection of saline, male MSCs, or female MSCs in rats pretreated with saline or LPS. Endotoxemic rats injected with male or female MSCs experienced significantly lower production of IL-1β (A), TNF-α (B), and IL-6 (C) compared with vehicle. MSC or vehicle treatment resulted in comparable significant increases in IL-10 production (D) compared with control. *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. vehicle; &P < 0.05 vs. vehicle.