Table 3.
Mother's region of birth and perinatal outcomes: crude odds ratios (ORs) and robust 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) from logistic regression models. Lazio, 1996-1998 and 2006-2008
| Outcome | Model 1a: '96-'98 | Model 1b: '06-'08 | Model 2: '06-'08 vs. '96-'98 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORs | 95%CIs | ORs | 95%CIs | ORs | 95%CIs | |
| Gestational Age | ||||||
| <31 vs.≥37 | ||||||
| Italy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.88 | (0.80-0.97) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 1.65 | (1.21-2.25) | 2.11 | (1.80-2.47) | 1.12 | (0.89-1.42) |
| North Africa | 0.78 | (0.56-1.10) | 0.94 | (0.46-1.93) | 1.05 | (0.40-2.76) |
| West and sub-Saharan Africa | 4.55 | (2.88-7.18) | 3.91 | (2.85-5.35) | 0.76 | (0.55-1.04) |
| Central and South America | 1.71 | (1.15-2.54) | 1.29 | (0.95-1.75) | 0.66 | (0.44-1.01) |
| Western and Central-Southern Asia | 1.59 | (0.80-3.17) | 1.45 | (0.86-2.45) | 0.80 | (0.46-1.39) |
| East Asia | 1.54 | (1.04-2.27) | 1.71 | (0.88-3.33) | 0.98 | (0.69-1.38) |
| ALL REGIONS | 1.80 | (1.44-2.28) | 1.95 | (1.72-2.21) | 0.95 | (0.77-1.16) |
| 32-36 vs.≥37 | ||||||
| Italy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.09 | (1.05-1.13) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 1.35 | (1.06-1.72) | 1.31 | (1.19-1.46) | 1.06 | (0.87-1.30) |
| North Africa | 1.48 | (1.22-1.78) | 0.98 | (0.71-1.34) | 0.72 | (0.55-0.95) |
| West and sub-Saharan Africa | 1.48 | (1.11-1.97) | 1.49 | (1.27-1.75) | 1.10 | (0.89-1.37) |
| Central and South America | 1.10 | (0.92-1.31) | 1.42 | (1.26-1.62) | 1.42 | (1.12-1.79) |
| Western and Central-Southern Asia | 1.21 | (0.99-1.48) | 1.47 | (1.28-1.70) | 1.32 | (0.96-1.84) |
| East Asia | 1.37 | (0.92-2.04) | 1.19 | (0.92-1.57) | 0.96 | (0.80-1.14) |
| ALL REGIONS | 1.32 | (1.16-1.50) | 1.32 | (1.25-1.39) | 1.09 | (0.96-1.23) |
| Five Minute Apgar Score (0-6 vs. 7-10) | ||||||
| Italy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.81 | (0.76-0.87) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 1.13 | (0.86-1.49) | 1.02 | (0.91-1.15) | 0.73 | (0.53-1.00) |
| North Africa | 1.21 | (0.80-1.82) | 1.29 | (0.93-1.79) | 0.87 | (0.72-1.04) |
| West and sub-Saharan Africa | 2.30 | (1.55-3.41) | 1.17 | (0.69-1.97) | 0.41 | (0.22-0.77) |
| Central and South America | 1.07 | (0.72-1.58) | 1.57 | (1.25-1.96) | 1.19 | (0.85-1.67) |
| Western and Central-Southern Asia | 0.89 | (0.49-1.61) | 1.57 | (0.90-2.74) | 1.44 | (0.55-3.72) |
| East Asia | 0.88 | (0.81-0.96) | 1.32 | (1.26-1.40) | 1.22 | (1.13-1.31) |
| ALL REGIONS | 1.18 | (0.99-1.40) | 1.17 | (1.03-1.34) | 0.81 | (0.66-1.00) |
| Respiratory diseases (yes vs. no) | ||||||
| Italy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.66 | (0.63-0.68) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 1.17 | (1.10-1.24) | 1.28 | (1.22-1.34) | 0.72 | (0.67-0.77) |
| North Africa | 1.31 | (0.98-1.75) | 1.40 | (1.23-1.60) | 0.70 | (0.58-0.86) |
| West and sub-Saharan Africa | 1.73 | (1.46-2.05) | 1.61 | (1.34-1.93) | 0.61 | (0.50-0.75) |
| Central and South America | 1.15 | (0.98-1.35) | 1.05 | (0.94-1.18) | 0.60 | (0.51-0.71) |
| Western and Central-Southern Asia | 1.05 | (0.85-1.29) | 1.20 | (0.99-1.47) | 0.75 | (0.66-0.87) |
| East Asia | 1.18 | (1.03-1.35) | 0.97 | (0.72-1.29) | 0.54 | (0.44-0.65) |
| ALL REGIONS | 1.22 | (1.15-1.31) | 1.24 | (1.17-1.32) | 0.66 | (0.62-0.71) |
| Special/intensive care (yes vs. no) | ||||||
| Italy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 | (0.92-1.00) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 1.36 | (1.22-1.52) | 1.46 | (1.33-1.59) | 1.02 | (0.93-1.13) |
| North Africa | 1.29 | (0.95-1.74) | 1.28 | (0.99-1.66) | 0.95 | (0.83-1.10) |
| West and sub-Saharan Africa | 2.21 | (1.73-2.82) | 2.22 | (1.89-2.60) | 0.96 | (0.76-1.21) |
| Central and South America | 1.21 | (0.97-1.50) | 1.36 | (1.16-1.60) | 1.08 | (0.91-1.28) |
| Western and Central-Southern Asia | 1.35 | (1.06-1.71) | 1.66 | (1.48-1.86) | 1.18 | (0.86-1.62) |
| East Asia | 1.75 | (1.41-2.16) | 1.04 | (0.65-1.66) | 0.57 | (0.43-0.77) |
| ALL REGIONS | 1.47 | (1.30-1.66) | 1.45 | (1.34-1.57) | 0.95 | (0.92-1.00) |
| Congenital malformations (yes vs. no) | ||||||
| Italy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.45 | (1.40-1.51) | ||
| Eastern Europe | 1.12 | (0.96-1.30) | 1.04 | (0.98-1.10) | 1.35 | (1.13-1.60) |
| North Africa | 0.84 | (0.60-1.16) | 1.12 | (0.91-1.37) | 1.94 | (1.09-3.44) |
| West and sub-Saharan Africa | 1.12 | (0.89-1.39) | 1.65 | (1.45-1.86) | 2.14 | (1.69-2.72) |
| Central and South America | 1.20 | (0.94-1.53) | 1.00 | (0.90-1.11) | 1.21 | (0.93-1.57) |
| Western and Central-Southern Asia | 0.94 | (0.81-1.11) | 1.25 | (1.01-1.54) | 1.92 | (1.46-2.52) |
| East Asia | 0.84 | (0.66-1.08) | 0.95 | (0.83-1.09) | 1.63 | (1.40-1.91) |
| ALL REGIONS | 1.03 | (0.93-1.15) | 1.07 | (1.00-1.15) | 1.50 | (1.32-1.71) |
Model 1a: effect of mother's region of birth (reference = Italians) on each outcome in 1996-1998.
Model 1b: effect of mother's region of birth (reference = Italians) on each outcome in 2006-2008.
Model 2: effect of time (reference = 1996-1998) on each outcome, stratified by mothers' region of birth. The group "ALL REGIONS" includes only immigrant mothers.