Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants ≥ 18 years of age, NHANES III DNA bank, 1991-1994, stratified by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 5955) | § CKD (n = 1175) | No CKD (n = 4780) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) years | 42 (30, 62) | 67 (48,77) | 38 (28,48) | <0.0001 |
| Gender (males) (%) | 44 | 42 | 44 | 0.01 |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | 0.02 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White % (n) | 39% (2338) | 47% (556) | 37% (1782) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black % (n) | 28% (1649) | 25% (293) | 28% (1356) | |
| Mexican American % (n) | 28% (1685) | 23% (272) | 30% (1413) | |
| Others % (n) | 5% (283) | 5% (54) | 5% (229) | |
| Serum Creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.2 (1,1.4) | 1 (0.9,1.2) | <0.0001 |
| Median eGFR ml/min/1.73 m2 (IQR) | 93 (78, 109) | 66 (53,87) | 88 (77,104) | <0.0001 |
| Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (IQR) | 5.38 (2.66, 11.79) | 35 (17, 87) | 4 (21,74) | <0.0001 |
| Albuminuria | <0.0001 | |||
| None, % (n) | 84% (5004) | 19% (224) | 100% (4780) | |
| Microalbuminuria, % (n) | 14% (813) | 69%(813) | 0 (0) | |
| Macroalbuminuria, % (n) | 2% (138) | 12%(138) | 0 (0) | |
| Any form of albuminuria, % (n) | 16% (951) | 81%(951) | 0 (0) | |
| Low GFR | ||||
| GFR < 60 ml/min (%) | 7 | 35 | 0 | <0.0001 |
| CKD stage III (eGFR 30-59 ml/min) (%) | 6.5 | 3 | 0 | |
| CKD stage IV (eGFR 15-29 ml/min) (%) | 0.4 | 1 | 0 | |
| CKD stage V (eGFR < 15 ml/min) (%) | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Systolic BP median (IQR), mmHg | 119 (108, 134) | 136 (120, 155) | 117 (108,129) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP median (IQR), mmHg | 62 (64, 80) | 74 (66, 83) | 72 (65,79) | 0.07 |
| Hypertension, % | 22 | 46 | 15 | <0.0001 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 26.5 (23, 30) | 27 (24, 31) | 26 (23, 30) | 0.02 |
| C-reactive protein level (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| <0.22 mg/dl (%) | 62 | 53 | 65 | |
| 0.22-0.99 mg/dl (%) | 29 | 34 | 27 | |
| >1.00 mg/dl (%) | 9 | 13 | 7 | |
| Current Smoking (%) | 20 | 18 | 19 | 0.002 |
| Prevalent CHD, (%) | 8 | 19 | 4 | <0.0001 |
| LDL median (IQR),, mg/dL | 122 (99, 146) | 133 (106, 157) | 120 (98, 144) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes (%) | 11 | 26 | 7 | <0.0001 |
*Categorical variables were tested using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test and continuous variables were tested using the Taylor Linearization method with SUDAAN. All tests were weighed.
§ CKD defined as either by decrease glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or by the presence of albuminuria