Table 2.
PCB and other toxicant levels among Akwesasne Mohawk youth*.
| PCBs (ppb) | N | Structure | ROD | Dioxin-like (Y/N) |
Persistence (H/M/L) |
GM | Median | SD | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΣDioxin-like PCBs50%a,c | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.064 | 0.05 | 0.45 |
| ΣDioxin-like PCBs10%b,d | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.073 | 0.06 | 0.50 |
| ΣNondioxin-like PCBs50%a,e | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.319 | 0.24 | 2.52 |
| ΣNondioxin-like PCBs10%b,f | 271 | - | - | - | - | 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.504 | 0.57 | 3.32 |
| ΣPersistent PCBs50%a,g | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.257 | 0.15 | 2.45 |
| ΣPersistent PCBs10%b,h | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.346 | 0.31 | 3.16 |
| ΣLow-persistent PCBs50%a,i | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.156 | 0.11 | 1.22 |
| ΣLow-persistent PCBs10%b,j | 271 | - | - | - | - | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.263 | 0.31 | 1.72 |
| PCBs >50% IUPAC#a | ||||||||||
| 118 | 271 | 2,3’,4,4’,5 | 99.6% | Y | H | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.041 | 0.02 | 0.28 |
| 101[+90]k | 271 | 2,2’,3,4’,5 + 2,2’4,5,5’ | 98.5% | N | L,M | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.040 | 0.02 | 0.30 |
| 153 | 271 | 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’ | 97.8% | N | H | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.087 | 0.02 | 0.98 |
| 110 | 271 | 2,3,3’,4’,6 | 95.2% | N | L | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.040 | 0.02 | 0.34 |
| 99 | 271 | 2,2’,4,4’,5 | 94.5% | N | H | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.029 | 0.02 | 0.21 |
| 87 | 271 | 2,2’,3,4,5’ | 91.5% | N | L | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.024 | 0.02 | 0.16 |
| 138[+163+164]k | 271 | 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’ + 2,3,3’,4’,5’,6 + 2,3,3’,4’,5,6 |
90.0% | N | H,M,L | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.055 | 0.02 | 0.47 |
| 180 | 271 | 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’ | 89.3% | N | H | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.052 | 0.01 | 0.39 |
| 95 | 271 | 2,2’,3,5’,6 | 79.3% | N | L | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.019 | 0.01 | 0.15 |
| 52 | 271 | 2,2’,5,5’ | 78.6% | N | L | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.027 | 0.01 | 0.16 |
| 74 | 271 | 2,4,4’,5 | 73.4% | N | M | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.037 | 0.01 | 0.53 |
| 105 | 271 | 2,3,3’,4,4’ | 63.5% | Y | H | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.016 | 0.01 | 0.13 |
| 149[+123]k | 271 | 2,2’,3,4’,5’,6 + 2,3’,4,4’,5’ | 59.0% | Y | L,H | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.018 | 0.01 | 0.12 |
| 187 | 271 | 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’,6 | 57.6% | N | M | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.017 | 0.01 | 0.15 |
| 70 | 271 | 2,3’,4’,5 | 55.4% | N | L | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.016 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
| 84 | 271 | 2,2’,3,3’,6 | 53.1% | N | L | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.009 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| PCBs >10% <50% IUPAC#b | ||||||||||
| 170 | 271 | 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5 | 45.0% | N | H | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.018 | 0.01 | 0.13 |
| 66 | 271 | 2,3’,4,4’ | 37.6% | N | M | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.011 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| 28 | 271 | 2,4,4’ | 33.6% | N | M | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.041 | 0.01 | 0.25 |
| 158 | 271 | 2,3,3’,4,4’,6 | 31.7% | N | M | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| 31 | 271 | 2,4’,5 | 31.7% | N | L | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.025 | 0.01 | 0.18 |
| 92 | 271 | 2,2’,3,5,5’ | 27.3% | N | L | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| 174 | 271 | 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,6’ | 26.9% | N | L | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| 177 | 271 | 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’,6’ | 25.5% | N | H | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| 29 | 271 | 2,4,5 | 24.7% | N | L | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| 97 | 271 | 2,2’,3,4’,5’ | 22.1% | N | L | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| 71 | 271 | 2,3’,4’,6 | 16.6% | N | L | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| 77 | 271 | 3,3’,4,4’ | 14.8% | Y | M | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.013 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| 156 | 271 | 2,3,3’,4,4’,5 | 14.4% | Y | H | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.14 |
| 15 | 271 | 4,4’ | 10.3% | N | M | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.013 | 0.02 | 0.13 |
| Other Toxicantsa | ||||||||||
| HCB (ppb) | 271 | 97.8% | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.019 | 0.02 | 0.19 | |
| p,p’ -DDE (ppb) | 271 | 100.0% | - | - | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.345 | 0.09 | 3.08 | |
| Mirex (ppb) | 271 | 45.8% | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.092 | 0.01 | 1.17 | |||
| Blood Lead (µg/dL) | 265 | 70.9% | - | - | 0.71 | 1.40 | 0.970 | 0.07 | 4.80 | |
| Total Mercury (µg/dL) | 265 | 93.6% | - | - | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.097 | 0.02 | 0.58 | |
Only those congeners that were found to be significantly correlated with the outcome variables are shown in the detected in <50% or >10% group.
Abbreviations: PCB, polychlorinated biphenyls; PPB, parts per billion; IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; GM, geometric mean; SD, standard deviation; persistence: H, hi
Values below the mdl were calculated following the EPA recommended method for estimating non-detected values as described in Schell et al., 2003.
Values below the detection limit have been replaced by the value midway between the detection limit and zero.
ΣDioxin-like congeners in >50% of the sample= IUPAC#s 105,118,149[+123].
ΣDioxin-like congeners in >10% of the sample= IUPAC#s 77,105,118,149[+123],156.
ΣNondioxin-like congeners in >50% of the sample = IUPAC#s 52,70,84,74,87,95,99,101[+90],110,138[+163+164],153,180,187.
ΣNondioxin-like congeners in >10% of the sample = IUPAC#s 52,70,84,74,87,95,99,101[+90],110,138[+163+164],153,180,187,132,146,158,170,183,199,28,31,44,47[+59],66,130,141,151,174,177,18,196,29,33,8,92,97,128,144,15,172,176,190,203,24[+2
ΣPersistent PCBs detected in >50% of the sample = IUPAC#s 74,99,105,118,138[+163+164],153,180,187
ΣPersistent PCBs detected in >10% of the sample = IUPAC#s 74,99,105,118,138[+163+164],153,180,187,47[+59],28,66,77,130,158,199,128,146,156,170,172,177,183,190,196,203.
ΣLowPersistent PCBs detected in >50% of the sample = IUPAC#s 52,70,84,95,110,101[+90],87.
ΣLowPersistent PCBs detected in >10% of the sample = IUPAC#s 52,70,84,95,110,101[+90],87,8,18,29,31,33,40,42,44,49,53,56,71,92,97,132,141,144,151,174,176,24[+27],15.
Bracket indicates 'minor' congener based on aroclor concentration (Frame, 1997).