Table 1.
Summary of studies on translation and validation of the Chinese versions of the AUDIT in China, 1980–2009
| Author | Sample (gender, age, venue) | Cultural adaptations (yes/no) Psychometric procedures Sources cited, if any | Diagnostic measure | Cut-off point | Positive (%) | Se | Sp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| He et al. (1997)a | 109 male workers, 18–55, a factory in Zhaozhuang city, mainland | No | ICD-10 alcohol dependence and harmful use | 6 | 79 | 79 | |
| Validation | 8 | 66 | 85 | ||||
| National collaborative group | |||||||
| Ma et al. (1998)a | 768 male workers, 18–60, iron-steel complex, mainland | No | Alcohol dependence | 13 | 14 | ||
| Known-group validation | |||||||
| Guo and Zhang (1993) | |||||||
| Leung and Arthur (2000) | 450 (224 F, 226 M), 10–87, 3 sites (hospital, community, university), Hong Kong | Yes-18 items in Cantonese Validation | Hazardous/harmful drinking in each site | 8 | 14.5 | ||
| 8 | 6.2 | ||||||
| 8 | 5.3 | ||||||
| Li et al. (2003)a | 420 male workers, 18–60, one auto factory, Changchun, Jilin, mainland | Yes, translation in Mandarin | Hazardous/harmful drinking | 7 | 99.7 | 90.0 | |
| Validation | ICD-10 alcohol dependence | 16 | 92.7 | 70.9 | |||
| Chen et al. (2004) | 422 nonpsychiatric inpatients in one general hospital in Taiwan | Yes, translation in Mandarin | Alcohol use disorders | 5/6 | 16.5 | 100 | 84 |
| Validation | SCAN alcohol abuse | 3.9 | |||||
| SCAN alcohol dependence | 12.6 | ||||||
| Chen et al. (2005a) | Ibid | No | DSM-IV alcohol use disorders | 8 | 97 | 90 | |
| Reliability | |||||||
| Chen et al. (2004) | |||||||
| Tsai et al. (2005) | 112 (78 M, 34 F) in one hospital, 20–86, 74% ethnic Min-Nan Taiwanese, Taiwán | Yes | Harmful drinking | 8 | 31.3 | 96 | 85 |
| Validation, AUDIT and its short version AUDIT-C | 3 | 98 | 73 | ||||
| ICD-10 alcohol dependence | 11 | 15.2 | 94 | 63 | |||
| 5 | 94 | 58 | |||||
| Wu et al., 2008 | 404 patients (242 M, 162 F) in Taiwan | No | SCAN hazardous drinking | 7 | 25 | 90.0 | 93.4 |
| Validation, AUDIT, AUDIT-C, AUDIT-4, and AUDIT-3 | 4 | 90.0 | 92.1 | ||||
| 6 | 90.0 | 90.8 | |||||
| 1 | 88.0 | 86.8 | |||||
| Chen et al. (2004) | |||||||
| Guo et al. (2008) | 3171 residents in Lhasa, Tibet, (1054 M, 2117 F), mainland | Yes, test AUDIT in Tibetan Validation | Alcohol use disorders | 8 | 16.21 | 87.7 | 88.1 |
| DSM-IV alcohol abuse | 10 | 2.7 | 85.7 | 84.6 | |||
| DSM-IV alcohol dependence | 13 | 3.5 |
ICD-10, the International classification of diseases, tenth revisions; SCAN, schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry; DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
aStudies in Chinese; Ibid: the same as above; M, male; F, female; Se, sensitivity; Se, specificity; AUD, alcohol use disorders; AUDIT-C, the first three questions in the AUDIT questionnaire; AUDIT-4, the first three and last questions; AUDIT-3, the third question in the AUDIT questionnaire.