Table 3.

Parameter estimates of survival models predicting offspring conduct disorder (CD)

Parameter	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.	b	S.E.
Twin depression
Phenotypic	0.82*	0.28	0.53*	0.20
Between twin family					0.82*	0.23	0.77*	0.22	0.40**	0.22
Within twin family					0.81**	0.48	0.34	0.41	0.23	0.39
Difference between within-DZ and within-MZ estimates							1.98**	1.09	1.64*	0.64
Spouse depression	−0.06	0.28	−0.21	0.21	−0.06	0.27	−0.02	0.24	−0.19	0.22
Twin zygosity	0.29	0.22	0.19	0.17	0.29	0.21	0.20	0.19	0.13	0.18
Offspring sex	0.39	0.28	0.53*	0.21	0.39	0.28	0.43**	0.25	0.55*	0.21
Offspring age	0.38*	0.18	0.42*	0.16	0.38*	0.17	0.39*	0.17	0.43*	0.16
Offspring age squared	−0.01*	0.003	−0.008*	0.003	−0.01*	0.003	−0.008*	0.003	−0.008*	0.003
Parental divorce			0.18	0.21					0.18	0.21
Twin covariate
Education			−0.06	0.06					−0.05	0.06
Age at first child’s birth			0.03	0.02					0.03	0.02
Cigarette use			0.10	0.18					0.06	0.18
Alcohol abuse			−0.39	0.37					−0.33	0.35
Alcohol dependence			1.16*	0.43					1.07*	0.38
Illicit drug use			0.33	0.34					0.37	0.23
Conduct disorder			0.19*	0.08					−0.06	0.11
Spouse covariate
Education			−0.03	0.06					−0.04	0.06
Age at first child’s birth			−0.01	0.02					−0.01	0.02
Cigarette use			0.28	0.25					0.27	0.25
Alcohol abuse			0.19	0.19					0.16	0.19
Alcohol dependence			0.33	0.24					0.38	0.24
Illicit drug use			0.44	0.24					0.37	0.23
Conduct disorder			−0.09	0.16					−0.06	0.11

DZ, Dizygotic; MZ, monozygotic; S.E., standard error. Analyses were weighted to estimate population-based parameters.

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.10.