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. 2011 Jan 1;108(1):87–102. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr107

Table 2.

Character analysis and coding

  1. Phyllotaxis: tristichous (0); spirotristichous (1); spirally (2)

  2. Deciduousness of leaves: deciduous (0); persistent, at least the sheath (1)

  3. Abscission line between sheath and lamina: absent (0); present (1)

  4. Distal portion of leaf blade: attenuate (0); truncate (1)

  5. Transverse posture of leaf blade: arcuate (0); plane (1)

  6. Longitudinal posture of dry leaf blade: involute (0); flat (1); revolute (2)

  7. Furrows in leaf blade: absent (0); on abaxial surface only (1); on both surfaces (2)

  8. Papillae in furrows: absent or inconspicuous (0); coronulate (1); finger-like (2)

  9. Leaf trichomes or emergences: absent (0); multicellular base, on lamina (1); multicellular base, on margins and midrib (2); uni- or multicellular with unicellular base (3)

  10. Stomatal distribution in leaves: hypostomatic (0); hypoamphistomatic (1); amphistomatic (2)

  11. Subsidiary cells: smooth (0); ridged (1)

  12. Specialized cells: absent (0); present on adaxial surface only (1); present on both surfaces (2)

  13. Adaxial strands: absent (0); present (1)

  14. Abaxial strands: absent (0); present (1)

  15. Marginal bundle: rounded (0); triangular (1); absent (2)

  16. Conduction tissues in marginal bundle: present (0); absent (1)

  17. Aquiferous hypodermis: extending to bundle sheaths only (0); extending to bundle sheaths and furrows (1); absent (2)

  18. Aquiferous parenchyma between bundles: absent (0); present (1)

  19. Sclerenchyma pattern: Xerophyta type (0); Vellozia type (1); Barbacenia type (2); other types (3)

  20. Phloem strands: two, separated (0); two, united at bottom (1); one (2)

  21. Minor fibro-vascular bundles: absent (0); present (1)

  22. Sheath of leaf vascular bundles (M & al.): simple (0); double (1)

  23. Transfusion tracheids (M & al.): absent (0); present (1)

  24. Inflorescence (M & al.): with major axis (0); suppression of major axis (1)

  25. Flower number: solitary or grouped (0); always solitary (1)

  26. Pedicel position: evident (0); hidden by leaves (1)

  27. Transverse section of pedicel: triangular (0); circular (1)

  28. Vascular bundles in pedicel: six (0); nine (1); 12 (2); 15 (3); 18 (4); 24 (5); 36 (6)

  29. Belt of sclerified cells in pedicel: absent (0); present (1)

  30. Emergence type: capitate or capitate-truncated (0); subulate (1)

  31. Pedicellar emergences: absent (0); laxly disposed (1); densely disposed (2)

  32. Hypanthial emergences: absent (0); laxly disposed (1); densely disposed (2)

  33. Ovary outline: longer than broad (0);± as long as broad (1); broader than long (2)

  34. Transverse section of ovary: trigonous (0); circular-trilobate (1)

  35. Placentation (S & L): axile (0); parietal (1)

  36. Hypanthial tube: absent or much shorter than ovary (0); shorter than ovary (1); equal to ovary (2); longer than ovary (3)

  37. Perianth (S & L): differentiated (0); undifferentiated (1); absent (2)

  38. Tepal colour: violet (0); white (1); yellow (2); red (3); green (4); orange (5); pink (6)

  39. Corona: absent (0); present (1)

  40. Floral expression: monoclinous (0); diclinous (1)

  41. Stamen number: six (0); nine (1); 12 (2); 15 (3); 18 (4); 24 (5); 30 (6); 36 (7); more (8)

  42. Staminal appendages: absent (0); present (1)

  43. Filaments: cylindrical (0); flat (1); coronoid (2)

  44. Anther attachment: on filament (0); on corona (1); on hypanthium (2)

  45. Anther insertion: basifixed (0); dorsifixed (1)

  46. Apical appendage in anther: absent (0); present (1)

  47. Auricles in anther: absent (0); present (1)

  48. Anther position in antisepalous stamens: extrorse (0); latrorse (1); latero-introrse (2); introrse (3)

  49. Anther position in antipetalous stamens: extrorse (0); latrorse (1); latero-introrse (2); introrse (3)

  50. Anther dehiscence: each pair of microsporangia dehiscing by a single common slit (0); each pair of microsporangia dehiscing by a separated slit (1); bisporangiate (2)

  51. Anther colour: yellow (0); violet (1); white (2); cream (3)

  52. Pollen colour: yellow (0); white (1)

  53. Pollen units: monads (0); tetrads (1)

  54. Relative position of stigma and stamens: stigma above stamens (0); stigma at same level or below stamens (1)

  55. Style × stigma: much longer (0); more or less of the same length (1); much shorter (2)

  56. Stigma lobes: horizontal, fused at centre (0); vertical, fused at apex (1); free (2)

  57. Fruit: loculicidal capsule (0); poricidal capsule (1); intercostal capsule (2); basal loculicidal capsule (3); septicidal capsule (4); other types (5)

  58. Hypanthium in fruit: persistent (0); deciduous (1)

  59. Belt of continuous fibres in root cortex: absent (0); present (1)

  60. Transverse section of adult stem: circular (0); triangular (1)

  61. Bundles of fibres in stem cortex: absent (0); round-shaped (1); continuous belt (2); U-shaped (3)

  62. Compound vascular bundles in stem: absent (0); present (1)

  63. Fibres uniting the stem vascular bundles in maturity: absent (0); present (1)

  64. Central fibrous bundle in stem: absent (0); present (1)

  65. Fibres in stem vascular bundles: absent (0); next to the phloem (1); next to the xylem (2)

  66. Stem cortex: undivided, parenquimatous (0); divided in three regions (1)

  67. Secondary wall in stem inner cortex cells: absent (0); present (1)