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. 2011 Jun 21;6(6):e21108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021108

Figure 2. INI-0602 effectively inhibits microglial glutamate release in vivo.

Figure 2

(A) Glutamate concentrations in microglia conditioned media. Cx32 mimetic peptide reduced microglial glutamate release, which revealed that activated microglia release glutamate from Cx32 hemichannels. Data represent the means ± SD (n = 6 per group). *, P<0.05 vs. PBS. (B) Glutamate concentrations in media from primary cell cultures of mouse brain. Only the microglia released a significant amount of glutamate after stimulation with 1 µg/ml LPS for 24 h. Neu, neuron; Ast, astrocyte; Mi, microglia. Data represent the means ± SD (n = 6 per group). *, P<0.05 vs. fresh medium. (C) Real-time glutamate concentration monitoring in the hippocampi of mice. All mice were injected LPS at time zero except PBS-treated mice. Blue, PBS-treated mice; black, LPS-treated mice; orange, LPS plus 20 mg/kg CBX-treated mice; red, LPS plus 20 mg/kg INI-0602-treated mice. Data represent the means ± SE (n = 8 per group). *, P<0.05 vs. LPS.