Figure 2. INI-0602 effectively inhibits microglial glutamate release in vivo.
(A) Glutamate concentrations in microglia conditioned media. Cx32 mimetic peptide reduced microglial glutamate release, which revealed that activated microglia release glutamate from Cx32 hemichannels. Data represent the means ± SD (n = 6 per group). *, P<0.05 vs. PBS. (B) Glutamate concentrations in media from primary cell cultures of mouse brain. Only the microglia released a significant amount of glutamate after stimulation with 1 µg/ml LPS for 24 h. Neu, neuron; Ast, astrocyte; Mi, microglia. Data represent the means ± SD (n = 6 per group). *, P<0.05 vs. fresh medium. (C) Real-time glutamate concentration monitoring in the hippocampi of mice. All mice were injected LPS at time zero except PBS-treated mice. Blue, PBS-treated mice; black, LPS-treated mice; orange, LPS plus 20 mg/kg CBX-treated mice; red, LPS plus 20 mg/kg INI-0602-treated mice. Data represent the means ± SE (n = 8 per group). *, P<0.05 vs. LPS.