C57BL/6 and IL-1Rα−/− mice were antigen-sensitized with saline and OVA (saline) or SAA and OVA (SAA) by o.a., according to the timeline in 5A. On day 18, total and differential cell counts from BAL fluid were performed (A). Splenocytes were restimulated in vitro with OVA for 96 hours and IL-5 (B), IL-13 (C), and IL-17 (D) levels in culture media were measured. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice in the presence or absence of SAA and 10 ng/ml Anakinra (E) and splenocytes from C57BL/6, TLR2−/−, NLRP3−/−, ASC−/−, and Casp1−/− (F) mice were polyclonally stimulated for 96 hours with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence or absence of 1 μg/ml SAA and IL-17A was measured by ELISA (F). Data are representative of two independent experiments * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.005, and *** = p<0.001 compared to saline controls (A-D), compared to SAA (E) or compared to wild type (F).