TABLE 4.
Summary of the behavioural phenotypes in engineered mice targeting A2AR, A1R or Adk.
| Adenosine kinase (Adk) over-expression | |||
| Brain overexpression Adktml-/--Tg(UblAdk) mice | Locomotor activity | Hyperactive | Fedele et al. (2005) |
| | |||
| Locomotor activity | Transient hyperactivity, followed by facilitated habituation | Yee et al., (2007) | |
| Hyperactivity response to Amphetamine | Abolished | ||
| Hyperactivity response to MK-801 | Enhanced | ||
| Motor coordination | Normal | ||
| Anxiety | Normal | ||
| Water maze reference memory | Severely impaired | ||
| Water maze working memory | Severely impaired | ||
| Pavlovian conditioned freezing | Severely impaired | ||
| Adenosine A2Areceptor deletion & over-expression | |||
| Constitutive homozygous KO A2AR-/- mice | Hyperactive response to D1R agonist (SKF81297) | Normal | Chen et al. (2000) |
| Hypoactive response to D2R agonist (Quinpirole) | Normal | ||
| Hyperactive response to Amphetamine | Attenuated | ||
| Hyperactive response to Cocaine | Attenuated | ||
| | |||
| Caffeine-induced wakefulness | Abolished | Huang ct al. (2005) | |
| | |||
| Working memory function (radijl arm rnaze) | Normal | Duan et al. (2009) | |
| | |||
| Working memory function (water maze) | Enhanced only with short retention (15s) demand | Zhou et al. (2009) | |
| Working memory function (radial arm maze) | Enhanced | ||
| Reference memory function (radial arm maze) | No effect | ||
| Forebrain neurons homozygous KO CaMKIIα-Cre(+)A2ARflox+/+ mice | Hyperactive response to A2A antagonist (KW6002) | Attenuated | Shen et al. (2008) |
| Hyperactive response to Cocaine | Attenuated | ||
| Hyperactive response to Phencyclidine | Attenuated | ||
| KW60O2's additive effect on cocaine-induced hyperactivity | Absent | ||
| | |||
| Hyperactive response to Caffeine | Attenuated | Yu et al (2008) | |
| Hypoactive response to A2A agonist (CSG21680) | Attenuated | ||
| Hyperactive response to A2A antagonist (KW6002) | Attenuated | ||
| Striatum-specific A2AR deletion Dlx5/6-Cre(+)A2ARflox+/+ mice | Operant conditioning | Weaker habit formation / Enhanced sensitivity to reward devaluation | Yu et al. (2009a) |
| | |||
| Hyperactive response to A2A antagonist (KW6002) | Attenuated | Shen et al. (2008) | |
| Hyperactive response to Cocaine | Enhanced | ||
| Hyperactive response to Phencyclidine | Enhanced | ||
| KW6002's additive effect on cocaine-induced hyperactivity | Reversed | ||
| Brain over-expression TGR(NSEhA2A) transgenic rats | Activity | Normal | Giménez-Llort et al. (2007) |
| Spontaneous alternation | Normal | ||
| Avoidance of blind alleys in hexagon maze | Impaired (transient) | ||
| Object recognition memory | Impaired | ||
| Water maze reference memory | Normal | ||
| Working memory | Impaired? (questionable conclusion) | ||
| Adenosine A1 receptor deletion | |||
| Constitutive homozygous A1R-/- & heterozygous A1R+/- KO mice | Nocturnal peak activity | Reduced (gene-dose dependent) | Giménez-Llort et al. (2002) |
| Motor function | Reduced (gene-dose dependent) | ||
| Anxiety | Anxiogenic (gene-dose dependent) | ||
| Explorative behaviour | Increase in A+/-, Decrease in A1-/- mice | ||
| Aggresiveness | Reduced in A1+/-, Enhanced in Al-/- mice | ||
| Water maze reference memory | Normal | ||
| | |||
| Sensitivity to pain | Increase in both Al+/- and Al-/- KO mice | Johansson et al. (2001) | |
| Anxiety | Anxiogenic (gene-dose dependent) | ||
| Constitutive homozygous A1R-/- KO mice | Caffeine-induced wakefulness | Normal | Huang et al. (2005) |