Table 3.

Substantive Validation of the Five-Class Solution: Means on Outcome Variables and Significant Classes Differences

	Physical Health (CR)^ M (group differences)	Positive Feelings About Self (CR) M (group differences)	Good Adjustment (CR) M (group differences)	Knows Support (CR) M (group differences)	Social Skills (PR)^ M (group differences)	Social Skills (TR)^ M (group differences)	Learner Behavior (TR) M (group differences)	Academic Performance+ (TR) M (group differences)
(a) High Protection	.91 (b,c,d,e)	.91 (b,d,e)	.86 (b,c,d,e)	.90 (b,d,e)	.77 (c,d,e)	.80 (b,c,d,e)	.77 (b,c,d,e)	.53 (c,e)
(b) Moderate Protection	.88 (a,c,d,e)	.82 (a,d)	.77 (a,c,d,e)	.78 (b,c,d,e)	.74 (−)	.74 (a,c)	.71 (a,c,e)	.30 (c,e)
(c) Moderate Protection/Peer Risk	.78 (a,b)	.88 (d,e)	.64 (a,b)	.87 (b,d,e)	.69 (a)	.64 (a,b)	.62 (a,b)	−2.56 (a,b)
(d) Little Protection/Family Risk	.82 (a,b)	.73 (a,b,c)	.64 (a,b)	.64 (a,b,c)	.69 (a)	.71 (a)	.67 (a)	−.53 (−)
(e) No Protection/School Risk	.78 (a,b)	.73 (a,c)	.65 (a,b)	.58 (a,b,c)	.68 (a)	.70 (a)	.59 (a,b)	−2.37 (a,b)
Omnibus F test statistics	F(4,530) = 34.97***	F(4,531) = 44.45***	F(4,531) = 43.89***	F(4,531) = 101.24***	F(4,503) = 8.20***	F(4,509) = 12.29***	F(4,508) = 13.83***	F(4,506) = 10.46***

^{^} CR, PR, and TR = child report, parent report, and teacher report respectively

^***p < .001

⁺This composite is standardized and has a mean of 0; scores should not be compared with the other outcome means