Figure 4.

Model for trans-activation of VEGF receptor by HSPGs. (A) Resident plasma membrane HSPGs can mediate VEGF interactions with its receptor in cis, inducing cell signaling and subsequent internalization of the complex. (B) HSPGs from an adjacent cell can also mediate VEGF interactions with its receptor in trans, delaying internalization of the signaling complex and enhancing VEGF response. (From Jakobsson et al. 2006; reprinted with permission from Elsevier © 2006.)