Table 1.
Coronaviruses and Their Natural Host Species
|
Virus |
Hosts |
Cells commonly used |
Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Group Ia |
|||
|
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) |
Pigs |
ST, PK‐15 |
Gastroenteritis, respiratory |
|
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV) |
ST, PK‐15 |
Respiratory |
|
|
Canine Coronavirus (CCoV) |
Dogs |
A‐72 |
Gastroenteritis |
|
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) |
Cats |
FCWF |
Enteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, peritonitis |
|
Feline Coronavirus FeCoV |
Cats |
FCWF |
Enteritis |
|
Group Ib |
|||
|
Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV‐229E) |
Humans |
MRC‐5, L132 |
Upper respiratory disease, possibly CNS |
|
Human Coronavirus NL63 (HCoV‐NL63) |
Humans |
CaCo‐2, LLC‐MK2 |
Upper and lower respiratory disease |
|
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) |
Pigs |
Vero (cell adapted) |
Enteritis |
|
Bat Coronavirus (BtCoV)a |
Bats |
NC |
Unknown |
|
Rabbit Coronavirus (RbCoV) |
Rabbits |
NC |
Enteritis, cardiomyopathy |
|
Group IIa |
|||
|
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) |
Mice |
DBT, L2, 17CL‐1 |
Enteritis, hepatitis, encephalomyelitis, pneumonitis |
|
Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV)b |
Cows |
HRT‐18 |
Enteritis, pneumonitis |
|
Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) |
Rats |
L2P‐41.a |
Sialodacryoadenitis, pneumonitis |
|
Rat Coronavirus (RCoV) |
Rats |
L2, L2P‐41.a, LBC |
Pneumonitis |
|
Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalitis Virus (PHEV) |
Pigs |
SK‐K |
Enteritis, encephalomyelitis, pneumonitis |
|
Human Coronavirus OC43 (HCoV‐OC43) |
Humans |
HRT‐18, RD |
Upper respiratory disease, possibly CNS, possibly enteritis |
|
Human Coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV‐HKU1) |
Humans |
Human airway epithelial (HAE) cells |
Upper and lower respiratory disease |
|
Group IIb |
|||
|
SARS Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) |
Humans, Civets |
Vero |
Severe respiratory disease, enteritis, hepatitis |
|
Bat SARS‐Like Coronavirus (BtSARS‐CoV) |
Bats |
NC |
Unknown |
|
Group IIc |
|||
|
Bat Coronavirus (BtCoV)a |
Bats |
NC |
Unknown |
|
Group IId |
|||
|
Bat Coronavirus (BtCoV)a |
Bats |
NC |
Unknown |
|
Group III |
|||
|
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)c |
Chickens |
Eggs, CK, Vero, BHK |
Respiratory disease, enteritis, renal disease |
|
Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) |
Turkeys |
Turkey eggs |
Enteritis |
|
Bulbul Coronavirus (BuCoV) |
Bullbuls |
ND |
Unknown |
|
Thrush Coronavirus (ThCoV) |
Thrushes |
ND |
Unknown |
|
Munia Coronavirus (MuCoV) |
Munias |
ND |
Unknown |
Bat coronaviruses have been isolated from three different continents and fall into different subgroups based on phylogenetic analyses of their sequences.
Bovine coronavirus‐like viruses (GiCoV) have been isolated from a number of ruminant species such as giraffe.
Only IBV strain Beaudette which has been adapted to these cells can be propagated in Vero and BHK cells.
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