Signaling pathways interacting with angiotensin peptides in dorsal medullary cardiovascular nuclei. Proposed model: Ang-(1–7) up-regulates the MAPK phosphatase MKP-1 to attenuate Ang II-stimulated MAPK signaling pathways and ROS (from cytoplasmic, nuclear or mitochondrial sources), resulting in improved BRS and lower MAP. Abbreviations: ROS= reactive oxygen species, MAPK-p= phosphorylated MAPK, MAP= Mean arterial pressure, BRS= Baroreflex sensitivity