Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population grouped by glycemic category*
| Fasting glucose |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal† | Impaired‡ | ||
| Variable | n = 1,108 | n = 452 | P |
| Male sex | 42 | 69 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 57.8 ± 3.7 | 58.5 ± 3.9 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 ± 3.8 | 28.4 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 48 | 48 | 0.86 |
| Obese | 18 | 32 | <0.001 |
| Current daily smoking | 23 | 18 | 0.02 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.6 ± 16.6 | 131.4 ± 16.9 | 0.003 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 9.4 | 84.5 ± 9.6 | 0.005 |
| Triglyceride level (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol level (mmol/L) | 1.55 ± 0.40 | 1.50 ± 0.40 | 0.03 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | |
| HbA1c level (% unit) | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin level (μU/mL) | 7.7 (5.4–10.6) | 10.8 (7.8–14.7) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (index) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | 2.9 (2.1–3.9) | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/mmol) | 0.33 (0.19–0.59) | 0.31 (0.18–0.58) | 0.18 |
| Measured GFR§ | 100.7 ± 15.0 | 106.1 ± 15.2 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted for BSA | 91.8 ± 12.4 | 94.0 ± 12.6 | 0.002 |
| eGFR | |||
| MDRD|| | 94.4 ± 16.2 | 94.2 ± 16.4 | 0.8 |
| CKD-EPI¶ | 95.2 ± 8.8 | 95.0 ± 8.9 | 0.69 |
| Cystatin C# | 92.6 ± 16.4 | 92.7 ± 16.7 | 0.91 |
Values are expressed as means ± SD, percentages, or medians (interquartile range).
BSA, body surface area.
*Values are adjusted by age and sex.
†Normal fasting glucose: <5.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL).
‡IFG: 5.6–6.9 mmol/L (100–125 mg/dL).
§GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) measured by single-sample iohexol clearance.
||GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) estimated by the MDRD equation (12).
#GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) estimated by Rule’s cystatin C–based equation of 2006 (13).
¶GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) estimated by the CKD-EPI equation (12).