Global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) |
General sigma factor σ70, stationary phase sigma factor σS, RNA polymerase a subunit |
E. coli |
Ethanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, and 3-pentanol tolerance; lycopene, L-tyrosine, and hyaluronic acid production |
[55,66,68] |
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Transcription factor Spt15p |
S. cerevisiae |
Ethanol tolerance and production |
[67] |
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General sigma factor |
Lactobacillus plantarum |
lactic acid and hydrochloric acid tolerance |
[95] |
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Libraries of artificial zinc fingers |
Zinc fingers |
S. cerevisiae |
Tolerance to heat and osmotic stress; ketoconazole resistance |
[69] |
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Mouse neuroblastoma cells |
Neurogenesis, differentiation of neuroblasts to osteoblasts, proliferation rate |
[69] |
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E. coli |
Tolerance to heat, cold, and osmotic stress |
[70,71] |
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Trackable multiplex recombineering (TRMR) |
> 95% of all individual E. coli genes |
E. coli |
Tolerance to salicin, D-fucose, methylglyoxal, valine, and lignocellulosic hydrolysate |
[56] |
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Genome shuffling |
Chromosome |
Streptomyces fradiae |
Tylosin production |
[72] |
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A strain of Lactobacillus
|
Tolerance to lactic acid |
[73] |
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Sphingobium chlorophenolicum |
Degradation of pentachlorophenol |
[74] |