Figure 1. Intraspecific morphological variation in Cyclommatus metallifer and condition dependent effects of high and low food availability.

(A) Intraspecific morphological variation in Cyclommatus metallifer. Large male (left), small male (center), and female (right) are shown. (B–D) Larval period duration, pupal weight and mandible length of stag beetle pupae reared under high and low nutritional regimes. (B) Males reared under high food conditions spent significantly more time as third instar larvae than males reared under low food conditions (P<0.001, student t-test). (C) Male stag beetles were significantly larger as pupae when reared under high food conditions (P<0.001, student t-test). (D) Adult mandible length was significantly longer in males reared under high food conditions (P<0.001, student t-test). The means ± SEs (N = 10) are shown.