Table 1.
Characteristics of EBIs for FAH
| Program | Risk factors | Population prioritiesa | Settings | Delivered by | Format | Sessions | Positive intervention impacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYC Project TALC 1994–2000 | Sexual transmission; polydrug use, IDU or partners of IDU | Preparing for death, custody plans, caregiving by child, substance use | ASO run by local government | Masters level psychologists or trainees | Mother groups, adolescent groups, family sessions | 24 at 1.5–2 h weekly or 12 half-day weekend sessions | 6-year follow-up; substance use, sex risks, and mental health symptoms for parents and adolescents; adolescent school graduation, employment, pregnancies, and coping with parentification; grandchildren’s home environments |
| LA Project TALC 2004–2008 | Sexual transmission; partner risks unknown | Managing HIV as chronic illness, family functioning | HIV clinics, ASOs, CBOs | Masters level psychologists or trainees | Mother groups, adolescent. groups, family sessions | 16 at 1.5–2 h weekly | 18-month follow-up; mother self-monitoring health status, children reduce substance use (less mental health symptoms for HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative neighborhood comparison sample) |
| Thailand Family to Family 2007–2010 | Sexual transmission, IDU | Multigenerational caregiving, impact on parent of adult PLH | Primary care clinics in hospitals | Clinic staff | Parent and family member multifamily groups | 12 at 1.5–2 h weekly | 12-month follow-up; general health, physical health, mental health, quality of life |
| South Africa Mentor Mothers Clinic-Based 2008–2011 | Pregnant women in high prevalence area | PMTCT, alcohol, nutrition, child development | Primary care clinic | Mentor mothers (peer CHW) | Small groups of mothers | 8 at 1.5 h | 12-month follow-up; disclosure at hospital, postpartum depression, child grant registration, health quality of life, well-baby checkups, developmental milestones, infant single feeding methods, HIV prevention knowledge, condom use |
| South Africa Mentor Mothers Home Visits 2008–2012 | Pregnant women in high prevalence area (includes HIV-positive and at-risk) | PMTCT, alcohol, nutrition, child development | Home visits (for MCH) | Mentor mothers (peer CHW) | Mother and family | 8 at ~40 min | 18-month follow-up; only baseline data is completed at time of this publication; follow-up data collection is ongoing |
IDU injection drug user, ASO AIDS services organization, CBO community-based organization, PLH parent living with HIV, PMTCT prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, MCH maternal and child health, CHW community health worker
aAll program populations had participants faced with common challenges of coping with stigma, disclosure, mental health symptoms, and sexual transmission risks