Table 2.

Common factors and practice elements in family-based interventions for HIV-affected families in Thailand

Common factors
Establish a framework to understand behavior change	“Normalize” challenges facing HIV-affected families
Convey issue-specific and population-specific information	Address four domains
	Maintaining healthy mind
	Maintaining healthy body
	Maintaining healthy family relations
	Improving social and community integration
Build cognitive, affective, and behavioral self-management skills	Rehearse and practice identifying and self-regulating feelings in HIV-related situations, thinking patterns in difficult situations, and social skills
Address environmental barriers to implementing health behaviors	Access to ongoing health care
	Access to transportation
Provide tools to develop ongoing social and community support	Interventions designed as drop-in sessions
	District hospitals’ monthly support groups for HIV-affected families
Common practice elements
Relaxation and ice breaking activities	Meditation, singing, and dancing
Feeling thermometer	Tied to Buddhism advocating self-awareness
	Effective tool to understand current state (feelings)
Feel–Think–Do (FTD) model	Promoting positive cycle of cause and effect
	Buddhist philosophy of linking feelings, thoughts, and actions
Tokens (rewards)	Yellow color represents loyalty and respect to the king
	Stars represent culturally accepted symbol for rewards
	Facilitate expression of kindness and joy
Role-playing in pair sharing	Practice challenging hypothetical scenarios
	Effective dyadic exercise to act out situational challenges
	Rehearse a variety of problem-solving scenarios with different participants