Table 5.

Diagnostic Improvement Using Voluntary Cough Examination

Variables	Volume Acceleration*	Expulsive Phase Rise Time†	Expulsive Phase Peak Flow‡
Probability of correcting mistakes caused by using clinical signs
Types of mistakes made by using clinical signs§
False negative (n = 14)	100% (14/14 patients)	93% (13/14 patients)	93% (13/14 patients)
False positive (n = 11)	100% (11/11 patients)	100% (11/11 patients)	91% (10/11 patients)
Probability of making mistakes in patients receiving correct diagnoses   by use of clinical signs
Types of correctness made by using clinical signs∥
True negative (n = 52)	10% (5/52 patients)	10% (5/52 patients)	19% (10/52 patients)
True positive (n = 19)	19% (3/19 patients)	19% (3/19 patients)	31% (5/19 patients)

^*Positive test result is defined as volume acceleration < 50 L/s/s.

^†Positive test result is defined as expulsive phase rise time > 55 ms.

^‡Positive test result is defined as expulsive phase peak flow < 2.9 L/s.

^§False negative or false positive indicates patients who received a false-negative or false-positive diagnosis by using the clinical signs.

^∥True negative or true positive indicates patients who received a correct negative or positive diagnosis by using the clinical signs.