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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Res Educ Eff. 2008;1(1):2–32. doi: 10.1080/19345740701692449

Table 3.

Posttest performance by tutoring condition and difficulty status

Tutoring condition
Difficulty status
Variable F Fact
retrievala
Procedural comp/
estimationb
Combinedc Word
identificationd
MDe MDRDf
Fact retrieval 5.35* 0.57 (0.94) −0.16 (0.85) −0.27 (0.92) −0.23 (1.07) 2.23 0.21 (0.97) −0.22 (1.00)
Procedural comp <1 0.25 (0.93) 0.14 (0.99) −0.19 (1.04) −0.17 (1.01) 3.21 0.24 (0.92) −0.24 (1.02)
Comp estimation 11.19** −0.23 (0.99) 0.69 (0.74) 0.24 (0.87) −0.57 (0.93) 2.18 0.12 (0.99) −0.12 (1.00)
Story problems <1 0.23 (1.07) 0.14 (0.90) −0.18 (0.95) −0.17 (1.04) <1 0.29 (0.79) −0.30 (1.02)
Math concepts <1 −0.03 (1.11) 0.23 (0.84) −0.06 (0.99) −0.11 (1.04) 1.68 0.33 (0.81) −0.33 (1.07)

Note. Most scores are factor scores derived from a combination of similar measures. See text for explanation. Computational Estimation, however, is a single variable, which has been z-score standardized for comparative purposes MD = math difficulty alone; MDRD = math and reading difficulty ; comp = computation.

a

n = 32.

b

n = 27.

c

n = 31.

d

n = 35.

e

n = 64.

f

n = 63.

*

p< .05.

**

p< .0001.

Other F values not significant.