Table 1.

^a Endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) as early markers of vascular inflammation.

Superfamily	Lectin Adhesion Molecules		Ig-superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules
Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAM)	P-Selectinb,c	E-Selectin	VCAM-1	ICAM-1	PECAM-1
CD Classification	CD62P	CD62E	CD106	CD54	CD31
Surface Expression	Inducible	Inducible	Inducible	Constitutive and up-regulated upon induction	Constitutive
Temporal Expression	Expression is fast and transient; internalized within 20 min	Peak expression at 4 h (in vitro); declines to baseline within 24 h during inflammation	Very low copies/cell; increases to 104–105 copies/cell	104–105 copies/cell in normal tissued; 3 to 5-fold increase in inflammation	106 copies/cell
Ligands	Leukocyte expressing sialyl-Lewis X	Leukocyte expressing sialyl-Lewis X	Leukocyte with β1 integrin VLA-4 (α4β1) and α4β7	Leukocyte with β2 integrins (e.g. LFA-1 and Mac-1)	Leukocyte with β1 & β3 integrins Heparin proteoglycans
Function	Leukocyte tethering and rolling		Leukocyte firm adhesion		Leukocytes transmigration; Angiogenesis

^aModified from Muro and Muzykantov [4];

^bP-Selectin is present in granules within endothelial cells; upon inflammation it is transported to apical cell membrane; Induced expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 is due to de novo protein synthesis ;

^cP-selectin is also expressed on platelets;

^d[6].