Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants, mean (SE) or % (n)

	Men		Women
	Cases (n=955)	Non-cases (n=55,148)	Cases (n=1799)	Non-cases (n=66,474)
Age, yr	56.9 (0.31)	54.4 (0.04) ^§	56.0 (0.20)	51.4 (0.03) ^§
BMI, kg/m²	26.0 (0.10)	23.6 (0.01) ^§	26.8 (0.09)	23.8 (0.01) ^§
Waist, cm	91.3 (0.27)	84.7 (0.04) ^§	85.6 (0.21)	77.2 (0.03) ^§
Hip, cm	98.2 (0.21)	94.3 (0.03) ^§	101.2 (0.20)	95.6 (0.03) ^§
WHR	0.93 (0.002)	0.90 (0.0002) ^§	0.85 (0.001)	0.81 (0.0002) ^§
Education
College+	24.5 (229)	23.6 (12,818)	10.3 (186)	13.9 (9,267) ^§
<Middle school	7.3 (68)	6.3 (3,422)	35.7 (643)	19.3 (12,823)
Middle/high school	68.2 (638)	70.1 (38,141)	53.9 (970)	66.8 (44,372)
Income
High income	9.7 (92)	9.7 (5,352)^*	28.0 (504)	34.4 (22,883) ^§
Low income	51.2 (488)	55.2 (30,369)	33.2 (598)	26.7 (17,744)
Middle income	39.1 (373)	35.1 (19,307)	38.7 (697)	38.9 (25,832)
Occupation
Professional	28.9 (276)	26.1 (14,375)^*	25.3 (455)	29.0 (19,275) ^§
Clerical	23.5 (224)	21.9 (12,055)	18.8 (339)	20.8 (13,810)
Manual laborer	47.6 (454)	52.0 (28,654)	55.5 (998)	49.9 (33,161)
Housewife	N/A	N/A	0.39 (7)	0.34 (228)
Current smoker	51.7 (494)	59.8 (32,988) ^§	2.5 (44)	2.2 (1,490)
Ever smoker	65.6 (626)	70.2 (38,732) ^†	3.5 (62)	2.6 (1,721) ^*
Current drinker	24.8 (237)	29.9 (16,477) ^‡	1.8 (32)	2.0 (1,335)
Tertiles of total physical activity (mets)
Tertile 1	36.7 (350)	32.9 (18,162) ^*	32.0 (575)	33.0 (21,956)
Tertile 2	31.6 (302)	33.0 (18,206)	34.7 (625)	33.0 (21,909)
Tertile 3	31.7 (303)	34.1 (18,780)	33.0 (599)	34.0 (22,609)
Energy intake, kcal	1935.5 (16.03)	1917.2 (2.06)	1,696.3 (9.9)	1,680.0 (1.6)
Family history of diabetes	26.0 (246)	16.0 (8,782) ^§	29.1 (502)	15.2 (9,344) ^§

p<0.05

^†

p<0.01

^‡

p<0.001

^§

p<0.0001

Energy intake natural logarithmically transformed before analyses