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. 2011 Mar 23;173(9):984–987. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq499

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Increasingly complex directed acyclic graphs describing the association among breastfeeding, weight gain, and age at menarche. A, weight as an exclusive mediator; B, weight as a mediator and as a confounder; C, breastfeeding varying with time; D, increasing complexity due to unmeasured factors.