Table 1.
Results of Experiments 1–5. Number of children who performed the action spontaneously or with prompting and whether they did or did not predictively look to the toy following their own action. Children who failed to look to the toy were counted as failing the task; children who looked to the toy following their own action (whether the action was spontaneous or prompted) were counted as succeeding at the task. N = 14 for the Toddler condition of Experiment 1 and the Deterministic condition of Experiment 2; N = 16 for all other conditions. Experiments 2–5 involve toddlers.
| Condition | Experiment 1
|
Experiment 2
|
Experiment 3
|
Experiment 4 | Experiment 5
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-school | Toddlers | Deterministic | Agent-ghost | Ghost-agent | Spatio-temp | Ident. CL | Diff. CL | Non-CL | |
| Spontaneous (no look) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Prompted (no look) | 2 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 10 |
| Total Fail | 2 | 14 | 13 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 15 |
| Spontaneous (look) | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 |
| Prompted (look) | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Total Success | 14 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 1 |