Interaction of recombinant Pv with various ligands. A–C, binding of recombinant Pv to various ligands. LPS, LTA, and PGN dissolved in re-distilled water was applied to wells of a 96-well microplate and air-dried overnight at room temperature, followed by ELISA. BSA instead of recombinant Pv was used as control. D–F, saturation curve of the binding of rPv to LPS, LTA, and PGN. rPv dissolved in re-distilled water was applied to wells of a 96-well microplate and air-dried overnight at room temperature, followed by Scatchard analysis. BSA was treated at the same concentrations as control. Data were expressed as mean values ± S.E. (n = 3).