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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2010;81:33–60. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381357-2.00002-5

Table 1.

3D structures of membrane proteins determined by electron crystallography.

Membrane Proteina Resol.
(Å)
Year Reference
Eye lens Aquaporin 0 1.9 2005 (Gonen, et al. 2005)
Aquaporin-4 2.8 2009 (Tani et al., 2009)
Bacteriorhodopsin 3.0 1997 (Kimura et al., 1997)
Glutathione transferase 3.2 2006 (Holm et al., 2006)
Plant LHC-II 3.4 1991 (Kühlbrandt and Wang, 1991)
Bacteriorhodopsin 3.5 1990 (Henderson et al., 1990)
Prostaglandin E synthase 3.5 2008 (Jegerschold et al., 2008)
Aquaporin-1 3.8 2000 (Murata et al., 2000)
Acetylcholine receptor 4.0 2005 (Unwin, 2005)
Human aquaporin 2 4.5 2005 (Schenk et al., 2005)
Plant Aquaporin SoPIP2 5.0 2005 (Kukulski et al., 2005)
Halorhodopsin 5.0 2000 (Kunji et al., 2000)
Bovine Rhodopsin 5.5 2003 (Krebs et al., 2003)
Porin PhoE 6.0 1991 (Jap et al., 1991)
Bacteriorhodopsin 6.0 1975 (Henderson and Unwin, 1975)
Glutathione transferase 6.0 2002 (Holm et al., 2002)
Bacteriorhodopsin 6.5 1983 (Leifer and Henderson, 1983)
Oxalate transporter OxlT 6.5 2002 (Hirai et al., 2002)
Frog Rhodopsin frog 6.5 1997 (Unger et al., 1997)
Ca2+-ATPase 6.5 2002 (Xu et al., 2002)
Glycerol channel GlpF 6.9 2000 (Stahlberg et al. 2000)
Gap junction channel 7.0 2007 (Oshima et al., 2007)
NhaA Na/ H+ antiporter 7.0 2000 (Williams, 2000)
EmrE multidrug transporter 7.0 2003 (Ubarretxena-Belandia et al. 2003)
hCTR1 Cu transporter 7.0 2009 (De Feo et al., 2009)
Gap junction channel 7.5 1999 (Unger et al., 1999)
Sec YEG complex 8.0 2005 (Bostina et al., 2005)
Plant photosystem II RC 8.0 1998 (Rhee et al., 1998)
Neurospora H+-ATPase 8.0 1998 (Auer et al., 1998)
Acetylcholine receptor 9.0 1993 (Unwin, 1993)
a

Atomic-resolution structures in bold.

Auer, M., et al., 1998. Three-dimensional map of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the open conformation. Nature. 392, 840–843.

Bostina, M., et al., 2005. Atomic model of the E. coli membrane-bound protein translocation complex SecYEG. JMB. 352, 1035–1043.

Holm, P. J., et al., 2002. The 3-D structure of microsomal glutathione transferase 1 at 6 A resolution as determined by electron crystallography of p22(1)2(1) crystals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1594, 276–285.

Jap, B. K., et al., 1991. Structural Architecture of an Outer Membrane Channel as Determined by Electron Crystallography. Nature. 350, 167–170.

Kimura, Y., et al., 1997. Surface of bacteriorhodopsin revealed by high-resolution electron crystallography. Nature. 389, 206–211.

Kunji, E. R., et al., 2000. The three-dimensional structure of halorhodopsin to 5 A by electron crystallography: A new unbending procedure for two-dimensional crystals by using a global reference structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97, 4637–42.

Leifer, D., Henderson, R., 1983. Three-dimensional Structure of Orthorhombic Purple Membrane at 6-5 A Resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 163, 451–466.

Rhee, K. H., et al., 1998. Three-dimensional structure of the plant photosystem II reaction centre at 8 A resolution. Nature. 396, 283–6.

Stahlberg, H., et al., 2000. The 6.9-A structure of GlpF: a basis for homology modeling of the glycerol channel from Escherichia coli. JSB. 132, 133–141.

Unger, V. M., et al., 1997. Arrangement of rhodopsin transmembrane alpha-helices. Nature. 389, 203–6.

Unger, V. M., et al., 1999. Three-dimensional structure of a recombinant gap junction membrane channel. Science. 283, 1176–1180.

Xu, C., et al., 2002. A structural model for the catalytic cycle of Ca2+-ATPase. JMB. 316, 201–211.