Table 4.

Associations between periconceptional exposures to caffeine intake

		Maternal caffeine exposure*
Ref.	First author, year	Exposure	OR [95% CI]	Adjustment/matching factors
[37]	Miller, 2009	< 10 mg 10-99 mg 100-299 mg ≥300 mg	1.0 Reference 1.4 [0.9, 2.3] 1.9 [1.2, 3.0] 1.5 [0.9, 2.7]	None of the variables met the criteria for confounding by the author; therefore, only the unadjusted odds ratios were presented

* Caffeine intake per day in the year before pregnancy