Table 5.
Multiple linear regression models of the association between H. pylori infection and IQ sores in Arab children, Israel
| Full-Scale IQ | Non-verbal IQ | Verbal IQ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95%CI | β | 95%CI | β | 95%CI | |
| High SES village a | ||||||
| H. pylori infection | ||||||
| Negative | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Positive | -6.1** | -11.4, -0.8 | -6.0** | -11.1, -0.2 | -5.7** | -10.8, -0.6 |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| <10 years | -2.4 | -9.1, 4.2 | -5.4 | -12.7, 1.8 | 0.9 | -5.5, 7.2 |
| ≥10 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Current Hb level | 3.5** | 0.3. 6.7 | 3.4* | -0.1, 6.9 | 3.5** | 0.5, 6.6 |
| Intermediate SES village b | ||||||
| H. pylori infection | ||||||
| Negative | Reference | Reference | Reference | -1.2, 7.1 | ||
| Positive | 1.8 | -4.2, 4.5 | 0.3 | -4.8, 5.3 | 3.0 | |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| <10 years | -5.6** | -11.2, -2.2 | -2.7 | -8.4, 2.9 | -7.9** | -12.5, -3.2 |
| ≥10 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Males | -6.6** | -10.3, -1.2 | -8.6** | -13.7, -3.5 | -4.3** | -8.5, -0.2 |
| Females | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Current Hb level | 2.3** | 0.4, 4.3 | 2.4** | 0.2, 4.7 | 1.9** | 0.03, 3.7 |
| Low SES village c | ||||||
| H. pylori infection | ||||||
| Negative | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Positive | 1.8 | -6.6, 10.3 | 3.2 | -4.4, 10.8 | 0.3 | -9.5, 10.2 |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| <10 years | -1.4 | -9.8, 7.1 | 0.04 | -7.5, 7.6 | -2.8 | -12.7, 7.0 |
| ≥10 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Crowding index | ||||||
| < median | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| ≥ median | -5.4* | -11.8, 0.9 | -2.5 | -8.2, 3.1 | -7.8** | -15.2, -0.4 |
| Hb at early childhood | 4.2** | 0.2, 8.2 | 5.2** | 1.6, 8.8 | 3.0 | -1.7, 7.7 |
| HAZ at early childhood | 4.0** | 0.2, 7.8 | 3.3* | -0.1, 6.8 | 4.3* | -0.1, 8.8 |
*P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, Hb: hemoglobin, HAZ: Height for Age Z score.
a The multivariate analysis in the high SES included the variables H. pylori infection, maternal education, maternal age and current hemoglobin levels. b In the intermediate SES village the adjusted model included the variables H. pylori infection, sex, maternal age, maternal education, and current hemoglobin level. The estimates did not changed when the variables "WHZ at early childhood" and "current BMIZ" were entered into the model. c In the low SES village the adjusted model included the variables H. pylori infection, maternal education, crowding index, hemoglobin levels and HAZ at early childhood.