Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Parameter, n (%) | Cambodia | Senegal | Central African Republic | All | p value* |
| N = 84 | N = 25 | N = 66 | N = 175 | ||
| Number of subjects (% males) | 57 (68) | 12 (48) | 22 (33) | 91 (52) | <0.001 |
| Age (years)** | 34 (29–42) | 36 (33–41) | 32 (27–39) | 34 (28–41) | 0.084 |
| Number of AFB-negative subjects | 27 (32) | 9 (36) | 29 (44) | 65 (37) | 0.33 |
| AFB+ on the | 0.002 | ||||
| 1st sputum sample | 56 (98) | 11 (69) | 31 (84) | 98 (89) | |
| 2nd or 3rd sputum sample | 1 (2) | 5 (31) | 6 (16) | 12 (11) | |
| Antibiotics before admission, Yes | 35 (78) | 6 (27) | 22 (33) | 63 (47) | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI)** (kg/m2) | 17.0 (14.8–18.8) | 16.6 (14.2–18.7) | 16.7 (15.4–18.4) | 16.9 (14.9–18.8) | 0.75 |
| AIDS classification (WHO) | <0.001 | ||||
| Stage II | 1 (1) | 6 (27) | 6 (10) | 13 (8) | |
| Stage III | 47 (56) | 16 (73) | 44 (73) | 107 (64) | |
| Stage IV | 36 (43) | 0 (0) | 10 (17) | 46 (28) | |
| CD4 cell count (/mm3)** | 18 (6–43) | 36 (16–66) | 177 (56–349) | 36 (12–145) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) ** | 8.1 (6.5–10.1) | 7 (5.6–7.7) | 7.5 (6–9.4) | 7.6 (6.2–9.4) | 0.044 |
| Anemia, Yes | 78 (98) | 24 (96) | 58 (98) | 160 (98) | 0.65 |
| Resting oxygen saturation (SaO2) ** | 92 (90–96) | 98 (97–99) | 96 (92–98) | 94 (90–97) | <0.001 |
| Known HIV serostatus on admission, Yes | 54 (64) | 14 (56) | 8 (12) | 76 (43) | <0.001 |
| - ARV for >15 days | 8/54 (15) | 2/14 (14) | 1/8 (13) | 11/76 (14) | 0.99 |
| - TMP-SMZ prophylaxis for >30 days | 15/54 (28) | 1/14 (7) | 4/8 (50) | 20/76 (26) | 0.065 |
| History of tuberculosis, Yes | 13 (16) | 2 (8) | 9 (14) | 24 (14) | 0.62 |
| More than one pathogen, Yes | 14 (17) | 4 (16) | 9 (14) | 27 (15) | 0.88 |
*Global comparison among the three countries.
**Median (Q1, Q3).