Table 4.
In vivo Levels of OxPLs
| Sample type | OxPL species | Control conditions | Conditions inducing elevation of OxPLs | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thoracic aorta of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits | Young rabbits | Rabbits >>6 months old (hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis) | 264 | ||
| PC-esterified: HOOA, KOOA, HOdiA, KOdiA | 0.2–1 ng/mg PAPC (each) | 1–3 ng/mg PAPC (each) | |||
| PC-esterified: HODA, KODA, HDdiA, KDdiA | < 0.2 ng/mg PLPC (each) | 0.5–2 ng/mg PLPC (each) | |||
| POVPC, PGPC | 1 ng/mg PAPC (each) | 3–4 ng/mg PAPC (each) | |||
| PONPC, PAzPC | 2–3 ng/mg PLPC (each) | 6–10 ng/mg PLPC (each) | |||
| Rabbit aorta | Normal chow diet | Atherogenic diet (hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis) | 368 | ||
| POVPC, PGPC, PEIPC | 20 μg/g wet tissue (each) | 40–60 μg/g wet tissue (each) | |||
| Rabbit aorta | Normal chow diet | Atherogenic diet (hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis) | 328 | ||
| POVPC, PGPC, PEIPC, SOVPC, SGPC, SEIPC | 15–25 μg/g wet tissue (each) | 50–100 μg/g wet tissue (each) | |||
| Human carotid artery plaque | Several major species of fragmented and full-length OxPC | – | 0.1–2% of total PC (each) | 73 | |
| Rat plasma | Vitamin E supplemented, normoxia | Vitamin E depleted, hyperoxia | 97 | ||
| Fragmented ω-carboxylic PCs | 1 μm | 3 μM | |||
| Human plasma | Young, healthy donors | Elderly people with CHD | 97 | ||
| Fragmented ω-carboxylic PCs | 2.5 μM | 4 μM | |||
|
Before smoking 3 μM |
After smoking 6 μM |
||||
| Mouse plasma | Wild type mice, chow diet | Apoe−/−mice, western diet | 263 | ||
| PC-esterified: HOdiA, KOdiA, HOOA, KOOA, HDdiA, KDdiA, HODA, KODA |
0.04–0.36 μM (each) | 0.64–3.00 μM (each) | |||
| Wild type mice, chow diet | Ldlr−/−mice, western diet | ||||
| PC-esterified: HOdiA, KOdiA, HOOA, KOOA, HDdiA, KDdiA, HODA, KODA |
0.10–0.40 μM (each) | 0.50–2.21 μM (each) | |||
| Human plasma | Normotriglyceridemic donors with variable LDL cholesterol levels | 263 | |||
| PC-esterified: HOdiA, KOdiA, HOOA, KOOA, HDdiA, KDdiA, HODA, KODA |
Undetectable to 1.8 μM (each) 0.7–4.6 μM (combined) |
||||
| Human plasma | Normotriglyceridemic donors with variable LDL cholesterol levels | 263 | |||
| PC-esterified: HOdiA, KOdiA, HOOA, KOOA, HDdiA, KDdiA, HODA, KODA POVPC, PGPC |
5.4–51 μM (combined) | 263 | |||
| Small intestine of mice | No irradiation | Total body gamma-irradiation | 347 | ||
| CL-OOH PS-OOH PE-OOH PC-OOH PI-OOH |
6.9 ± 1.4 mmol/mol of CL 4.1 ± 1.8 mmol/mol of PS ∼4 mmol/mol of PE ∼5 mmol/mol of PC ∼5 mmol/mol of PC |
60.1 ± 13 mmol/mol of CL 37.4 ± 6.0 mmol/mol of PS ∼15 mmol/mol of PE ∼15 mmol/mol of PC ∼21 mmol/mol of PC |
|||
| Human dermal fibroblasts | No irradiation | UVA-1 irradiation | 125 | ||
| PEIPC | 0.8 μM | 7.7 μM | |||
| Mouse brain tissue | Sham-operated brain | Ischemic cerebral tissue | 105 | ||
| OxPC-furan (2) OxPC-furan (3) OxPC-furan (7) |
< 0.018 mmol/mol precursor PC 0.4 mmol/mol precursor PC 4 mmol/mol precursor PC |
0.18 mmol/mol precursor PC 4.0 mmol/mol precursor PC 60 mmol/mol precursor PC |
|||
| Cultured HAECs | Control | Treatment with IL-1β | 329 | ||
| POVPC PGPC PEIPC PECPC |
12.5 ng/μg lipid phosphorus 30 ng/μg lipid phosphorus 13 ng/μg lipid phosphorus 6 ng/μg lipid phosphorus |
22.5 ng/μg lipid phosphorus 42.5 ng/μg lipid phosphorus 22.5 ng/μg lipid phosphorus 11 ng/μg lipid phosphorus |
|||
| Rat retinas | Control animals | Rats exposed to light | 331 | ||
| PGPC POVPC PONPC PAzPC OBPC |
1 mmol/mol PAPC 17 mmol/mol PAPC 60 mmol/mol PLPC 25 mmol/mol PLPC 10 mmol/mol DHA-PC |
2 mmol/mol PAPC 36 mmol/mol PAPC 150 mmol/mol PLPC 50 mmol/mol PLPC 22 mmol/mol DHA-PC |