α-SMA expression in AD kidneys. (A) Moderate mgb−/− kidney showing expanded α-SMA expression versus control (B), 4X. (C) αSMA expression underlying renal pelvis (RP) urothelium in moderate mgb−/− kidneys, 20X. (D) α-SMA staining in subcapsular region (white arrows) and underlying renal pelvis urothelium (black arrows) in severe mgb−/− kidney, 10X. (E) Widespread α-SMA-positive cells in interstitium of severe mgb−/− kidney, 20X. (F) α-SMA positive cells form smooth muscle collars (yellow arrows) in severe mgb−/− kidneys, 100X. (I) Scattered tubular epithelial cells express α-SMA (circles) in severe mgb−/− kidneys, 40X, inset 100X.