Figure 1.

Persistent increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α in chronic Parkinsonian monkeys. (a–d) Artist's sketch (a) of the typical gait posture of a normal monkey (control) compared with the characteristic Parkinsonian posture (Parkinsonian). Parkinsonian monkey posture is characterized by curvature of the trunk and rigidity of the limbs, together with rigidity of the tail (drawings by C.B). (b) Graphs of the motor score impairment reached by the MPTP-treated monkeys included in the study. Some animals, despite MPTP administration, did not show symptoms (asymptomatic). (c) Levels of IFN-γ measured by ELISA in serum increase in Parkinsonian monkeys. (d) Levels of TNF-α measured by ELISA in serum are increased in Parkinsonian monkeys. ^*P<0.05 respect to non-Parkinsonian