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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2010;619:339–363. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-412-8_20

Fig. 20.1.

Fig. 20.1

Examples of ER-associated pathways amenable to in vitro reconstitution. (A) The SRP-dependent co-translational translocation pathway. (B) A post-translational translocation pathway for tail-anchored membrane protein insertion. (C) Post-translocational pathway of membrane protein metabolism involving ubiquitination, retrotranslocation, and proteasomal degradation. In each of these instances, the substrate is synthesized in vitro, making it the only protein that becomes radiolabeled. The other components of the system can be manipulated to analyze the requirements for substrate translocation, maturation, degradation, etc.