FIGURE 7.

Reduction of ROS is beneficial in the SCA12 fly model. A–C, administration of antioxidants or expression of dSOD2 reduced ROS levels, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and caspase 3 activity in heads of transgenic flies overexpressing Tws. The relative ROS level and concentration of hydrogen peroxide were normalized to that of the control Elav-gal4 driver animals. Data were expressed as the mean ± S.D. values and quantified using one-way analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Kewls post hoc test; * indicates p < 0.01. D, antioxidants significantly extended the life span of control and tws-expressing flies.