Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Variables and Mean Cortical Thickness for Each Hemisphere of the Subjects

	UHR Subjects (n = 29)	Schizophrenia Subjects (n = 31)	HC Subjects (n = 29)	Analysis
				F, χ2, or T	P
Age (y)	22.24 ± 4.33	24.26 ± 4.24	23.24 ± 2.71	2.063a	0.133
Gender (male/female)	15/14	17/14	15/14	0.079b	0.961
Handedness (right/left)	28/1	30/1	28/1	0.001b	1.000
Education (y)	13.28 ± 2.43	13.74 ± 2.18	14.48 ± 1.21	2.649a	0.076
IQ	107.82 ± 15.17	102.29 ± 11.16	110.24 ± 14.67	2.664a	0.076
Parental SES	2.75 ± 1.04	2.44 ± 0.92	2.47 ± 0.84	0.836a	0.438
Duration (y)		4.55 ± 3.02
CAARMS total score	37.41 ± 15.17
PANSS total score	53.66 ± 11.69	57.72 ± 13.60		−1.222c	0.227
PANSS positive	12.72 ± 3.40	13.10 ± 3.24		−0.435c	0.666
PANSS negative	11.72 ± 3.53	16.55 ± 5.60		−3.927c	<0.001
PANSS general	29.17 ± 7.22	28.07 ± 6.99		0.591c	0.557
Intracranial volume	1165.76 ± 87.58	1105.15 ± 116.89	1134.38 ± 97.48	2.657a	0.076
Mean cortical thickness (mm)
Left hemisphere	3.68 ± 0.12	3.52 ± 0.16	3.72 ± 0.11	20.689d	<0.001, HC = UHR > schizophrenia
Right hemisphere	3.67 ± 0.12	3.53 ± 0.17	3.72 ± 0.13	13.754d	<0.001, HC = UHR > schizophrenia

Note: UHR, ultra-high-risk; HC, healthy control; SES, Hollingshead socioeconomic status (highest = 1, lowest = 5); CAARMS, Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Data given as mean ± SD.

^aAnalysis of variance.

^bχ² test.

^cIndependent t test.

^dAnalysis of covariance.