Table 1.
Characteristics of the Included Studies Reporting on Risk of Recidivism in Patients With Psychotic Disorders
| Study Name | Region | Study Type | No. of Case Subjects | No. of Control Subjects | Diagnostic Criteria | Mean Age (y) | Gender | Definition of Cases | Institutional Setting | Follow-up (y) | Comparison Group | Definition of Outcomes |
| Ganzer and Sarason41 (M) | United States | Case-control | 14 | 86 | NA | 15.3 | Male | Psychosis | Juvenile rehabilitation institution | 2 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Ganzer and Sarason41 (F) | United States | Case-control | 5 | 95 | NA | 14.7 | Female | Psychosis | Juvenile rehabilitation institution | 2 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Payne et al46 | United Kingdom | Cohort | 93 | 31 | NA | NA | Mixed | Schizophrenia | General psychiatric or special (secure) hospital | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Quinsey et al47 | Canada | Cohort | 38 | 53 | NA | 32 | Male | Psychosis | Maximum secure hospital | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Tennent and Way51 | United Kingdom | Cohort | 32 | 374 | NA | NA | Male | Schizophrenia | Special (secure) hospital | 8.8 | Other PD | Violent recidivism |
| Yesavage et al55 | France | Cohort | 229 | 981 | DSM-III | NA | Mixed | Schizophrenia | Special (secure) hospital | 22 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Bieber et al39 | United States | Cross-sectional | 48 | 84 | NA | NA | Mixed | Psychosis | NGRI (hospitalized) | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Komer and Galbraith43 | Canada | Cohort | 15 | 15 | NA | 28.4 | Mixed | Schizophrenia | Held on warrant in community | 14.8 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Bailey and Macculloch37 | United Kingdom | Cohort | 47 | 65 | DSM-III-R | >30 | Male | Schizophrenia | Special (secure) hospital | 3.28 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Harris et al14 | Canada | Cohort | 143 | 475 | DSM-III | 27 | Male | Schizophrenia | Half from secure hospital and half were assessed briefly in secure hospital | 6.8 | Other PD | Violent recidivism |
| Russo49 | Italy | Cohort | 43 | 48 | NA | 40 | Male | Psychosis | Maximum secure hospital | 5 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Rice and Harris48 | Canada | Cohort | 126 | 321 | DSM-III | >30 | Male | Schizophrenia | Half from maximum secure hospital and half from prison | 6.5 | Other PD | Violent recidivism |
| Harris and Koepsell42 | United States | Cohort | 12 | 24 | NA | NA | Mixed | Psychosis | Psychiatric hospital | NA | No PD | All recidivism |
| Ventura et al52 | United States | Cohort | 42 | 133 | DSM-III-R | 28.7 | Mixed | Schizophrenia | Jail | 3 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Singleton et al50 (M) | United Kingdom | Cohort | 49 | 1058 | DSM-IV | NA | Male | Psychosis | Prison | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Singleton et al50 (F) | United Kingdom | Cohort | 56 | 513 | DSM-IV | NA | Male | Psychosis | Prison | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Moscatello45 | Brazil | Cross-sectional | 50 | 50 | ICD-10 | 38.9 | Male | Schizophrenia | Secure hospital | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Vermeiren et al53 | Belgium | Cohort | 2 | 46 | DSM | 16 | Male | Psychosis | NA | 2 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Lee44 | United States | Cohort | 39 | 86 | NA | >30 | Mixed | Schizophrenia | State hospital or court | 11 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Bertman-Pate et al38 | United States | Cohort | 48 | 71 | DSM-IV | 38 | Mixed | Schizophrenia | Hospital or jail | NA | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Stadtland and Nedopil31 | Germany | Case-control | 12 | 36 | ICD-10 | NA | Mixed | Schizophrenia | NA | 8.5 | No PD | All recidivism |
| Coid et al40 (M) | United Kingdom | Cohort | 690 | 422 | DSM-III-R | 31.6 | Male | Schizophrenia | Medium secure hospital | 6.2 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Coid et al40 (F) | United Kingdom | Cohort | 71 | 97 | DSM-III-R | 31.6 | Female | Schizophrenia | Medium secure hospital | 6.2 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Yoskikawa et al56 | Japan | Cohort | 315 | 174 | DSM-IV-TR | NA | Mixed | Schizophrenia | NGRI (hospitalized) | NA | Other PD | Violent recidivism |
| Grann et al16 | Sweden | Cohort | 248 | 159 | DSM-III | 35.7 | Mixed | Schizophrenia | Community-based sanctions | 4.8 | No PD | Violent recidivism |
| Vitacco et al54 | United States | Cohort | 195 | 168 | DSM-IV | 41 | Mixed | Psychosis | NGRI (released to community after a brief assessment) | 2.85 | Other PD | All recidivism |
| Baillargeon et al15 | United States | Cohort | 849 | 71 333 | DSM-IV | NA | Mixed | Schizophrenia | Prison | 6 | No PD | All recidivism |
Note: M = male; NA = information not available; PD = psychiatric disorders; F = female; DSM-III = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition); DSM-III-R = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition Revised); DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition); ICD-10 = International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; DSM-IV-TR = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision); NGRI = not guilty by reason of insanity.