Table 1.
A Summary of Psychophysical Studies on Basic Motion Processing in Schizophrenia
| Article | Schizophrenia Patients (SZ) | Other Subjects | Paradigms | Key Results (in SZ, Unless Otherwise Noted) |
| 9 | N = 19 | Healthy controls (HC) (n = 19) | Detection of coherent motion | Elevated detection thresholds |
| 10 | N = 15 | HC (n = 18) | Contrast-based speed discrimination (gratings) | Elevated contrast thresholds |
| 11 | N = 20 | Relatives (n = 24) and HC (n = 20) | Speed discrimination (gratings) | Elevated discrimination thresholds in mid-speeds (such as 10 degrees/s) in SZ and relatives |
| 12 | N = 13 | HC (n = 14) | Detection of coherent motion | Reduced sensitivities |
| 13 | N = 23 | HC (n = 26) | Direction discrimination (local) and detection of coherent motion (global) | Intact detection thresholds for local motion and elevated detection thresholds for global motion |
| 14 | N = 34 | HC (n = 17) | Speed discrimination at low and high contrasts | Elevated discrimination thresholds for both contrasts |
| 15 | N = 29 | Relatives (n = 20), bipolar patients (BP) (n = 19), and HC (n = 33) | Detection of coherent motion | Elevated detection threshold in SZ but not in relatives or BP |
| 16 | N = 12 (positive symptoms) | HC (n = 12) | Contrast-based detection of direction of motion | Reduced sensitivity in SZ with negative symptoms, but not in SZ with positive symptoms |
| N = 12 (negative symptoms) | ||||
| 17 | N = 44 | HC (n = 40) | Speed discrimination | Elevated discrimination thresholds, independent of age |
| 18 | N = 25 | BP (n = 16) and HC (n = 25) | Speed discrimination (gratings) | Elevated discrimination thresholds for mid-speeds in SZ and for fast speeds in BP |
| 19 | N = 14 | HC (n = 16) | Speed discrimination (random dots) | Elevated discrimination thresholds |
| 20 | N = 18 | HC (n = 17) | Speed discrimination (a singular dot) | Elevated discrimination thresholds |
| 21 | N = 35 | HC (n = 35) | Detection of coherent motion | Elevated detection thresholds at 6, but not 12 or 24, degrees/s |
| 22 | N = 34 | HC (n = 34) | Detection of apparent motion | No group difference, yet SZ's task performance related to clinical measures |
| 23 | N = 38 | HC (n = 33) | Speed discrimination with 150- and 300-ms stimulus intervals | Elevated discrimination thresholds for comparison stimuli with 300 but not with 150-ms intervals |
Note: BP, bipolar patients; HC, healthy controls.