Table 3 .
Description of methods in studies of ambulatory monitoring compared with clinic monitoring of blood pressure in diagnosis of hypertension
| Study | Period of ambulatory measurement | No of measurements* | Mean blood pressure (mm Hg)† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ambulatory | Clinic | Ambulatory | Clinic | |||
| Brueren 199535 | Day (06:00-22:00) | 64 | 10 or 6 | NA | 102.6 (diastolic) | |
| Denolle199537 | 22 hours | 79 (9)§ | 3 | 131/89 | 156/91 | |
| Elijovich 199238 | Day (06:00-24:00) | 36 | 3 | 151/94 | 168/101 | |
| Flores 200039 | Day (08:00-22:00) | 42 (daytime) | 3 | 124.1/76.2 | 136.2/84.8 | |
| Gourlay 199340 | Day (10:00-22:00) | 24 (daytime) | 2 | 131/76 | 132/83 | |
| Hoegholm 199441 | Day (07:00-23:00) | 64 (daytime) | 5 | 145.2/95.9 | 156.8/99.8 | |
| Imai 199642 | 24 hours | 46.5 (3.8)§ | 2 | 120/71 | 126/72 | |
| Larkin 199843 | 24 hours | Max 48, mean 45 | 9 | 132.8/81.9 | 127.8/82.7 | |
| Modesti 199445 | Day (07:00-22:00) | 60 | 2 | 120/75 | 129/85 | |
| Ogedegbe 200846 | Day (awake) | Unclear | up to 18 | 129.6/77.9 | 129.3/77.8 | |
| Ozdemir 200047 | 24 hours | 111 | 3 | NA | NA | |
| Shimbo 200948 | Day (awake) | 33.4 (11.8)‡ | 6 | 135/83 | 133.5/83 | |
| Stergiou 200049 | Day (awake) | 102 | 2 | 139.3/91.1 | 143.2/93.0 | |
| Stergiou 200550 | Day (awake) | 51 | 4 | 140.8/91.3 | 144.7/94.2 | |
| Trudel 200951 | Working hours | >20 (c28-32) | 3 | 123.9/79.2 | 122.6/76.2 | |
| Ungar 200452 | Day (07:00-22:00) | 60 (day) | 4 to 6 | 141/86 | 151/93 | |
| Zabludowski 199253 | Day (06:00-24:00) | 72 (day) | 3 | 150.5/85.4 | 158.9/90.6 | |
NA=not available.
*In Brueren35 10 or 6 depending on initial office reading (interpreted as baseline for inclusion not test). In Larkin43 maximum was 48 over 24 h period but mean was 45. In Ogedegbe46 measurements taken every 15 minutes until 22:00 and every hour between 22:00 and 06:00 next morning. In Ozdemir47 taken every 10 min during day (06:00-23:00) and every 45 min through night (23:00-06:00). Stergiou49 used average (for instance 2nd and 3rd measurement) of fifth and final visit for clinic measurement; 02:00 and 14:00 for monitoring days 2-6 for home measurement; every 20 min for 24 h on 2 days for ambulatory measurement, so max is 144 measurements but only awake is used, so 102 would be pragmatic average. Stergiou50 used 3 readings/h over 24 h period (max 72), but only awake readings used (patients with less than 30 valid readings excluded); pragmatic average 51 readings with 7 hours of sleep assumed. Trudel51 required at least 20 ambulatory measurements; 4 taken every hour during working hours. For clinic, Ungar52 used 2 measurements taken on 2 separate occasions, but on each occasion 3rd measurement was taken if first 2 differed by more than 5 mm Hg.
†In Brueren35 for clinic measurement mean blood pressure was 107.7 in 30 and 100.2 in 64. In Flores39 clinic normotension was 124.7/74.5, white coat hypertension was 146.1/92.5, hypertension was 140.8/92.0; daytime normotension was 118.6/73.2, hypertension was 138.8/80.2, white coat hypertension was 124.5/77.8. In Hoegholm41 n=153 for clinic, 159 for daytime ambulatory. In Zabludowski53 ambulatory blood pressure: 160/95 for clinic and ambulatory hypertension; 141/77for clinic hypertension, ambulatory normotension: 163/93 for clinic normotension, ambulatory hypertension; 142/77 for clinic and ambulatory normotension. Clinic blood pressure: 165/100 for clinic and ambulatory hypertension; 160/94 for clinic hypertension, ambulatory normotension; 151/77 for clinic normotension, ambulatory hypertension; 151/77 for clinic and ambulatory normotension.
‡Mean (SD).