Table 5.

Model fit of change processes and measurement equivalence invariance between groups according to student characteristics

	Model	2nd-order factor structure				9 correlated 1st-order factors
		χ2 (df)	CFI	RMSEA (90% CI)	SRMR	χ2 (df)	CFI	RMSEA (90% CI)	SRMR
Gender (N=1,337)	1	1,469 (578)	0.927	0.048 (0.045–0.051)	0.054	1,134 (526)	0.950	0.042 (0.038–0.045)	0.043
	2	1,507 (602)	0.926	0.047 (0.044–0.050)	0.055	1,155 (543)	0.950	0.041 (0.038–0.044)	0.043
Race/ethnicity (N=1,068)	1	1,777 (867)	0.914	0.054 (0.051–0.058)	0.061	1,435 (789)	0.939	0.048 (0.044–0.052)	0.048
	3	1,983 (967)	0.904	0.054 (0.051–0.058)	0.070	1,624 (875)	0.929	0.049 (0.045–0.053)	0.055
Age (N=1,337)	1	1,833 (867)	0.924	0.050 (0.047–0.053)	0.056	1,470 (789)	0.946	0.044 (0.041–0.047)	0.045
	4	2,075 (1,019)	0.917	0.048 (0.045–0.051)	0.064	1,690 (927)	0.940	0.043 (0.040–0.046)	0.053
BMI (N=1,331)	1	1,827 (867)	0.921	0.050 (0.047–0.053)	0.057	1,485 (789)	0.943	0.045 (0.041–0.048)	0.046
	4	2,073 (1,019)	0.913	0.048 (0.045–0.051)	0.067	1,697 (927)	0.937	0.043 (0.040–0.047)	0.054
Employment (N=1,337)	1	1,575 (578)	0.925	0.051 (0.048–0.054)	0.054	1,212 (526)	0.948	0.044 (0.041–0.047)	0.042
	4	1,674 (654)	0.923	0.048 (0.045–0.051)	0.056	1,300 (595)	0.947	0.042 (0.039–0.045)	0.045
Physical activity (N=1,321)	1	1,776 (867)	0.920	0.049 (0.046–0.052)	0.056	1,411 (789)	0.946	0.042 (0.039–0.046)	0.045
	2	1,832 (915)	0.920	0.048 (0.045–0.051)	0.062	1,452 (823)	0.945	0.042 (0.038–0.045)	0.048
Adherence (N=1,278)	1	1,477 (578)	0.922	0.049 (0.046–0.052)	0.054	1,126 (526)	0.948	0.042 (0.039–0.046)	0.043
	4	1,519 (654)	0.925	0.045 (0.043–0.048)	0.057	1,160 (595)	0.951	0.039 (0.035–0.042)	0.045

Models 1–4=nested models 1 through 4 are described in the text. The most constrained, equivalent model is reported here

χ² chi-square test statistic, df degrees of freedom, CFI comparative fit index, RSMEA root mean square error of approximation, CI confidence interval, SRMR standardized root mean square residual