Table 6.
Model fit of change processes and longitudinal measurement equivalence invariance between groups according to student characteristics
| Model | 2nd-order factor structure
|
9 correlated 1st-order factors
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2 (df) | CFI | RMSEA (90% CI) | SRMR | χ2 (df) | CFI | RMSEA (90% CI) | SRMR | ||
| Change processes | 1 | 3,097 (1,215) | 0.924 | 0.038 (0.036–0.039) | 0.048 | 2,478 (1,095) | 0.942 | 0.035 (0.033–0.036) | 0.038 |
| 4 | 3,468 (1,291) | 0.912 | 0.039 (0.038–0.041) | 0.054 | 2,821 (1,164) | 0.931 | 0.037 (0.035–0.038) | 0.046 | |
| Sample groups | |||||||||
| Gender | 1 | 4,618 (2,430) | 0.912 | 0.041 (0.039–0.042) | 0.054 | 3,886 (2,190) | 0.930 | 0.038 (0.036–0.040) | 0.043 |
| 2 | 4,752 (2,502) | 0.914 | 0.041 (0.039–0.042) | 0.057 | 3,929 (2,241) | 0.931 | 0.038 (0.036–0.040) | 0.045 | |
| Race/ethnicity | 1 | 6,100 (3,645) | 0.884 | 0.049 (0.046–0.051) | 0.066 | 5,265 (3,285) | 0.904 | 0.047 (0.044–0.049) | 0.054 |
| 2 | 6,106 (3,765) | 0.891 | 0.047 (0.045–0.049) | 0.070 | 5,344 (3,370) | 0.904 | 0.046 (0.044–0.048) | 0.056 | |
| Age | 1 | 6,456 (3,645) | 0.893 | 0.046 (0.044–0.048) | 0.066 | 5,695 (3,285) | 0.906 | 0.046 (0.044–0.048) | 0.049 |
| 2 | 6,533 (3,765) | 0.896 | 0.045 (0.043–0.047) | 0.063 | 5,757 (3,370) | 0.907 | 0.045 (0.043–0.047) | 0.051 | |
| BMI | 1 | 6,482 (3,645) | 0.890 | 0.047 (0.045–0.048) | 0.061 | 5,641 (3,285) | 0.906 | 0.045 (0.043–0.047) | 0.050 |
| 2 | 6,542 (3,765) | 0.896 | 0.047 (0.043–0.047) | 0.064 | 5,702 (3,370) | 0.907 | 0.045 (0.043–0.046) | 0.051 | |
| Employment status | 1 | 4,454 (2,430) | 0.915 | 0.040 (0.038–0.041) | 0.054 | 3,780 (2,190) | 0.933 | 0.037 (0.035–0.039) | 0.044 |
| 4 | 4,995 (2,658) | 0.901 | 0.041 (0.039–0.042) | 0.063 | 4,267 (2,397) | 0.921 | 0.038 (0.036–0.040) | 0.053 | |
| Physical activity | 1 | 6,399 (3,645) | 0.886 | 0.047 (0.045–0.049) | 0.061 | 5,615 (3,285) | 0.904 | 0.045 (0.043–0.047) | 0.049 |
| 2 | 6,532 (3,765) | 0.886 | 0.046 (0.044–0.048) | 0.064 | 5,684 (3,370) | 0.905 | 0.045 (0.043–0.047) | 0.052 | |
| Adherence | 1 | 4,771 (2,430) | 0.908 | 0.042 (0.040–0.044) | 0.054 | 3,998 (2,190) | 0.927 | 0.039 (0.038–0.041) | 0.044 |
| 2 | 4,841 (2,502) | 0.911 | 0.041 (0.040–0.043) | 0.057 | 4,062 (2,241) | 0.927 | 0.039 (0.037–0.041) | 0.046 | |
Models 1–4=nested models 1 through 4 are described in the text. The most constrained, equivalent model is reported here
χ2 chi-square test statistic, df degrees of freedom, CFI comparative fit index, RSMEA root mean square error of approximation, CI confidence interval, SRMR standardized root mean square residual