Table 3.
Patient characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes, Blantyre, Malawi*
| Characteristic | All (n = 51) | Alive (n = 40) | Dead (n = 11) | OR (95% CI)† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 23 (39%) | 19 (48%) | 4 (36%) | 1.58 (0.40–6.27) | |
| HIV status known at study entry | 31 (61%) | 23 (58%) | 8 (73%) | 0.50 (0.11–2.20) | |
| HIV positive | 48 (94%) | 37 (93%) | 11 (100%) | – | |
| WHO stage 4 | 32 (63%) | 26 (65%) | 6 (55%) | 1.54 (0.40–5.98) | |
| Previous medication | |||||
| Antiretroviral treatment | 14/48 (29%) | 11 (28%) | 3 (27%) | 1.01 (0.22–4.52) | |
| TPM/SMZ > 1 month | 8/48 (17%) | 7 (14%) | 1 (9%) | 2.12 (0.23–19.36) | |
| Antibiotics | 31 (61%) | 26 (65%) | 5 (45%) | 2.49 (0.64–9.69) | |
| Symptom duration, weeks | |||||
| < 1 | 12 (24%) | 10 (25%) | 2 (18%) | 1.50 (0.27–8.13) | |
| 1–3 | 5 (10%) | 4 (10%) | 1 (9%) | 1.11 (0.11–11.08) | |
| > 3 | 34 (66%) | 26 (65%) | 8 (73%) | 0.69 (0.15–3.05) | |
| P (95% CI)‡ | |||||
| Mean age, years | 35 | 34 | 37 | 0.32§ | |
| Mean vital signs at first examinations | |||||
| O2 saturation (%) | 76 | 75 | 78 | 0.25§ | |
| Heart rate/minute | 123 | 123 | 120 | 0.63 (–15.73 to 9.71) | |
| Respiratory rate/minute | 46 | 47 | 45 | 0.68 (–10.40 to 6.92) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm of Hg | 97 | 97 | 96 | 0.45 (–12.64 to 5.69) | |
| Mean blood results | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.8 | 10.2 | 8.5 | 0.043 (–3.42 to –0.05) | |
| Leukocyte count × 103/μL | 6.7 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 0.52§ | |
| Platelet count × 103/μL | 222 | 235 | 171 | 0.18 (–161.45 to 32.63) | |
| CD4 cells/μL | 121 | 105 (n = 37) | 204 (n = 7) | 0.66§ | |
*
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; WHO = World Health Organization; TMP/SMZ = trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
†
Significant if 95% CI does not include 1.
‡
Significant if 95% CI does not include 0.
§
Not normally distributed.